Term
| Explain where the energy comes from in ATP |
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Definition
| Some energy is released when the bond is broken between phosphate groups, but most of the energy comes from the repelling of the negative charges within the phosphates. |
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Term
| What do aerobic chemoheterotrophs use for carbon, electron, and energy sources, and also TEA? |
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Definition
Carbon, electron, and energy: organic molecules
TEA: oxygen |
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Term
| What do anaerobic chemoheterotrophs use for carbon, electron, and energy sources, and also TEAs? |
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Definition
Carbon, electron, and energy: organic molecules
TEA: nitrate, sulphate, carbon dioxide |
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Term
| What do chemolithotrophs use for carbon, electron, and energy sources, and also TEAs? |
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Definition
Carbon, electron, and energy: inorganic molecules
TEA:oxygen, carbon dioxide, nitrate, sulphate, elemental sulphur |
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Term
| What is the difference between oxygenic and anoxygenic phototrophs? |
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Definition
Oxygenic metabolize water and release oxygen.
Anoxygenic metabolize sulphur or hydrogen sulphide and oxidize it to sulphate or molecular sulpher |
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Term
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Definition
| The energy produced by the cell to obtain the components to create bioelements. Derived from nutrients acquired from the environment. |
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Term
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Definition
| The chemical reactions used to create bioelements. Linked to catabolism since it needs the components it produces. |
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Term
| Where do autotrophs get their carbon? What about heterotrophs? |
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Definition
| autotrophs use inorganic molecules like CO2, and heterotrophs use organic molecules like protein and amino acids. |
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Term
| Which organisms are most likely to be autotrophs? |
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Definition
| chemolithotrophs and phototrophs. |
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Term
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Definition
| It is an electron carrier. |
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Term
| What are the two functions of ATPase? |
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Definition
| It allows protons into the cell and depletes the proton gradient, and it phosphorylates ADP into ATP. |
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Term
| When chemicals are the source of electrons, the process of electron transport is called....? |
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Definition
| oxidative phosphorylation. |
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Term
| What does respiration mean? |
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Definition
| The TEA is an inorganic molecule, like oxygen. |
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Term
| What do eukaryotes use as their electron source? Their TEA? |
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Definition
| Carbon and oxygen. Some yeasts and fungi use fermentation. |
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Term
| What is one difference between photophosphorylation and bacteriorhodopsin based phosphorylation |
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Definition
| bacteriorhodopsin does not use the ETC |
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Term
| What is NADPH for? How about NAD+? |
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Definition
NADPH reduces carbon in anabolism.
NAD+ oxidizes carbon in catabolism. |
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Term
| What does the Calvin cycle do? |
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Definition
| It fixes carbon in plants, cyanobacteria and algae |
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