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Bio 111 - Test 3
Chapter 13
24
Biology
Undergraduate 3
11/10/2013

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Term
What is the chromosomal theory of inheritance?
Definition
W. Sutton 1902.
Proposed that genes are present on chromosomes and based this on observations that homologous chromosomes pair with each other during meiosis. Worked with fruit flies.
Term
What the T.H. Morgan discover?
Definition
A mutant male fly with white eyes instead of red.
Term
How did T.H. Morgan experiment?
Definition
Crossed the mutant male with a normal red-eyed female. The entire F1 generation had red eyes which meant it was dominant. Then, the F1 generation was crossed with each other and it had red and white eyed flies. All of the white eyed flies were male.
Term
What were the 2 hypothesis created from T.H. Morgan's experiment?
Definition
1.) White-eyed females couldn;t survive
2.) Maleness and eye color connected
Term
How did T.H. morgan determine maleness and eye-color were connected?
Definition
Testcrossed F1 female with white eyed male and concluded that eye color gene resides on X chromosome
Term
How is sex determined?
Definition
The number of X and Y chromosomes.
Term
Out of the 26 pairs of chromosomes, how many are sex chromosomes?
Definition
1. The other 22 pairs are autosomes.
Term
What is the default gender for humans?
Definition
Female. Requires SRY gene on Y (highly condensed) for maleness.
Term
What is an example of sex-linked disorder?
Definition
Disease that effects a single protein in a cascade of proteins involved in the formation of blood clots.
Term
What causes hemophilia?
Definition
X-linked recessive allele. Heterozygous females are asymptomatic carriers.
Term
What is dosage compensation?
Definition
Ensures an equal expression of genes from the sex chromosomes even though females have 2 X chromosomes and males have XY
Term
In each female, 1 X chromosome is inactivated and is highly condensed into what?
Definition
Barr body
Term
What are genetic mosaics?
Definition
Females heterozygous for genes on the X chromosome.
Term
Do mitochondria and chloroplasts have their own DNA?
Definition
Yes
Term
Do the chromosomes within mitochondria follow chromosomal theory of inheritance?
Definition
No
Term
Who passes along mitochodrial DNA?
Definition
Mom
Term
What about in plants?
Definition
The chloroplasts are often inherited from the mother.
Term
What is genetic mapping? What is it based on?
Definition
Obtaining information about the distance between two genes on a chromosome. Based on genetic recombination.
Term
What did Sturtevant discover?
Definition
As the physical distance on a chromosome increases, so does the probability of recombination occurring between the gene loci.
Term
The distance between genes is _________ to the frequency of recombination events.
Definition
Proportional
Term
Recombination Frequency =
Definition
Recombinant Progeny
_____________________

Total progeny.
Term
1% recombination = ___ map unit
Definition
1
Term
1 map unit = ____ Centimorgan.
Definition
1
Term
How do you find the distance between traits on a chromosome?
Definition
1.) Testcross (all options by homozygous recessive)
2.) Consider possible eggs
3.) Count offspring
4.) Calculate distance
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