Term
| How did 'fast plants' get their name? |
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Definition
| they have a short life cycle |
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Term
| Diploid number of chromosomes in fast plants (Brassica rapa) |
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Definition
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Term
| the gene that controls the synthesis of purple pigment in fast plants |
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Definition
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Term
| in brassica rapa (fast plants) the genetic locus is named after the wild type/mutant form of the trait? |
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Definition
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Term
| in the fast plants lab, we analyzed the results of a ____hybrid cross |
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Definition
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Term
| when doing a chi-squared test, when do you reject a hypothesis? |
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Definition
| when the probability is < 0.05 |
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Term
| the fast plants (zea mays) cross is a ___hybrid cross |
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Definition
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Term
| ___ produces gene combinations in the gametes of an organism that are different from the gene combinations that were in the gametes that fused to make that organism |
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Definition
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Term
| relationship between % recombination and genetic distance |
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Definition
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Term
| 2 phenotypes invovled in a test cross |
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Definition
| heterozygous x homo recessive |
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Term
| For a reaction to proceed spontaneously, the free energy of the products/reactants must be less than the free energy of the products/reactants; the reaction must be ____. |
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Definition
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Term
| initial input of energy that must be supplied before a reaction that involves covalent bonds will proceed |
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Definition
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Term
| ____ is required to brin ght reacting molecules close enough and in the proper orientation for the reaction between them to proceed. |
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Definition
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Term
| ___ can greatly reduce the activation energy needed for reactions. |
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Definition
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Term
| ___ are biological catalysts. They are usually what kind of molecule? |
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Definition
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Term
| ____ is the enzyme that normally catalyzes the removal of phosphate (PO4) from molecules within a cell |
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Definition
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Term
| the greater the concentration of pNP in a solution, the more blue light it absorbs, that is, the higher its ______. |
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Definition
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Term
| Spec 20 operates in the range of ___-___ nm. It has six parts: ___________- |
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Definition
| 400-700nm ;; light source, monochromator, test tube, light detector, amplifier, readout |
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Term
| three independent variables and one dependent variable in the enzyme lab. what's the relationship between them? |
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Definition
| enzyme concentration, initial substrate concentration, pH :: initial rate of reaction :: we expect changes in each ind variable to cause the initial rate of the reaction to change |
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Term
| blue light is at what wavelength |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the relationship between enzyme concentration and initial reaction rate? |
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Definition
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Term
| what is the relationship between initial substrate concentration and initial reaction rate? |
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Definition
| rxn rate increases quickly initially until [S] reaches about 0.8mM, where it reaches saturation and the rxn rate levels off |
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Term
| What is the relationship between pH and initial reaction rate? |
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Definition
| rxn rate increases until about pH 10 and then it decreases... soln becomes too basic after that |
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Term
| ___ is typically thought to be the start of development |
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Definition
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Term
| fertilization accomplishes what 2 things? |
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Definition
| activates the oocyte (or egg) and provides the means by which the haploid set of chromosomes of the sperm joins the haploid set of chromosomes of the egg |
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Term
| when the haploid chromosomes of the mom join with the haploid chromosomes of the dad, a ___ is created. |
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Definition
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Term
| during fertilization, a ___ lifts off the surface oft he egg soon after the sperm makes contact |
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Definition
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Term
| 2 mechanisms to protect against polyspermy ... plus one more found specifically in sea urchins |
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Definition
| electrical block followed by fertilization membrane ... in sea urchins, the eggs and sperm are released into the water so that they dilute and there's less chance of polyspermy |
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Term
| progression of events during and after fertilization of sea urchin eggs |
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Definition
| sperm enters egg, blister forms as beginning of fertilization membrane, head of sperm swells and becomes male pronucleus (female pronucleus is the nucleus of the egg), DNA sythesis, RNA synthesis, protein synthesis, cleavage of zygote |
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Term
| cleavage in sea urchins is ____, which means? |
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Definition
| holoblastic ;; the cleavage furrows cut completely and quickly through the embryo |
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Term
| order in terms of least to most yolk: chicken, sea urchin, frog |
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Definition
| sea urchin < frog < chicken |
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Term
| sea urchin: 16-cell stage |
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Definition
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Term
| after the morula stage, the ball of cells forms a cavity called the ____, thereby becoming a ____. |
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Definition
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Term
| gastrulation in echinoderms begins with a few cells of the vegetal plate (the ____ cells) detaching and migrating into the interior of the embryo. These are ___ cells that will form the skeleton of the larva. |
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Definition
| primary mesenchyme cells :: mesoderm cells |
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Term
| mesoderm cells eventually become the ____ of the sea urchin |
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Definition
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Term
| the endoderm in the sea urchin becomes the ____ |
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Definition
| primitive gut (archenteron) |
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Term
| the ectoderm in the sea urchin embryo becomes the ____. |
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Definition
| outer regions of the larva |
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Term
| whats the difference between an egg and a zygote? |
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Definition
| a zygote is a fertilized, diploid egg |
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Term
| in echinoderms and amphibians, cleavage begins at the ___ pole and proceeds toward the ___ pole |
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Definition
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Term
| in amphibians, the blastocoel occupies only the ___ hemisphere. this is different from echinoderms in which it occupies both hemispheres. |
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Definition
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Term
| in echinoderms, gastrulation begins at the ___ pole. where does it begin in amphibians? |
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Definition
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Term
| as gastrulation proceeds in amphibians, the blastocoel is gradually reduced in volume by the ____ |
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Definition
| invaginating mesoderm and endoderm cells |
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Term
| the small amount of non-yolk cell at the animal pole of a bird egg is called the ____ |
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Definition
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Term
| Bird development characteristics of stages |
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Definition
| 16-18 hr stage = primitive streak :: 48 hr embryo = sea horse :: 72 hour embryo = bigger, curled up sea horse |
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Term
| what is gastrulation? what does it accomplish immediately? how is it accomplished? |
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Definition
| it is the method by which the organ systems are formed but immediately it creates the 3 germ layers. it is accomplished by successive cell divisions and is initiated by seaparation of cells from the lower surface of the blastoderm |
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