Term
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Definition
| Goal is to understand how the organization of the cell arises by complex interactions between its various components and parts. |
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Term
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Definition
| Large responsible for the structure and function of living cells. |
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Term
| Gene and protein regulation |
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Definition
| Causes the proteome to be dynamic. |
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Term
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Definition
| Responsible for DNA sequence and encoding. |
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Term
Genome
Pre-existing functional molecules
Pre-existing Organization |
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Definition
| The existence of cells depends on these three things. |
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Definition
| Short amino acid sequences in protein structure that directs them to their correct location. |
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Term
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Definition
| Keep proteins properly folded when a cell is exposed to high temperatures. |
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Term
| Protein-protein interactions |
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Definition
| Create complex structures that organize the cell and carry out a variety of cellular processes. |
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Term
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Definition
| Provide structure and organization to cells and enable them to carry out complicated processes. |
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Definition
| Molecular machine that makes ATP. |
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Definition
| Provides mechanical strength, cell shape, organization, and direction to intracellular and cellular movements. |
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Term
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Definition
| Large molecules, except _____, have finite lifetimes. |
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Term
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Definition
| Molecular machine for protein degradation. |
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Term
| 4 Stacked rings with caps |
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Definition
| Structure of a Proteasome in Eukaryotes |
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Term
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Definition
| Directs unwanted proteins to proteasomes |
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Term
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Definition
| Break down bad/unwanted protein into peptides and amino acids. |
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Term
Interior of the nucleus
Cytosol
Endomembrane System
Semiautonomous organelles |
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Definition
| Four systems that work together for structure and organization of the cell. |
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Term
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Definition
| Important in creating specific cell types and enabling responses to environmental change. |
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Term
Important coordination center
Compartment for metabolism
Location of Cytoskeleton |
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Definition
| Three roles the cytosol plays. |
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Term
Lipid synthesis
Protein synthesis & sorting
Attachment of carbs to lipids and proteins
Secretory pathway |
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Definition
| Four roles of the endomembrane system. |
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Term
| Cytosol and Endomembrane System |
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Definition
| Work together to synthesize most lipids. |
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Term
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Definition
| Phospholipids are initially made in the ____________ leaflet but flipases in ER membrane transfer some to the other leaflet. |
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Term
Lateral diffusion
Vesicle transport
Lipid exchange proteins |
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Definition
| Lipids made in the ER membrane can be transferred to other membranes by these three methods. |
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Term
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Definition
| begin synthesis on ribosomes in the cytosol |
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Term
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Definition
| Proteins that stay in the cytosol because they lack sorting signals. |
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Term
| Post-translational sorting |
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Definition
| Sorting that happens after protein translation is finished. |
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Term
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Definition
| The first step in the sorting process. Begins while translation is occuring. |
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Term
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Definition
| Proteins that stay in the ER have ___________. |
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Term
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Definition
| May aid in protein folding, extracellular protection and protein sorting. |
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Term
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Definition
| Two forms of glycosylation |
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Term
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Definition
| Carb attaches to nitrogen atom of asparagine in polypeptide chain in ER lumen. |
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Term
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Definition
| String of sugars attaches to oxygen of serine or threonine in polypeptide. Occurs in the Golgi and important in extracellular matrix proteins. |
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Term
Contain DNA separate from the nuclear genome
Reproduce via binary fission |
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Definition
| Two traits that make chloroplasts and mitochondria similar to bacteria. |
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Term
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Definition
| When a smaller species lives symbiotically inside a larger species. This relationship is beneficial for both species. |
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Term
| Modern chloroplasts and mitochondria |
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Definition
| Have lost most of their genes through transfers to the nucleus. |
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Term
| RER → Golgi → Vesicle → Plasma Membrane |
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Definition
| Pathway for proteins that are destined for secretion. |
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Term
| Signal Recognition Particle |
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Definition
| Protein/RNA complex that recognizes the ER signal sequence. |
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Term
Recognizes ER signal sequence and pauses translation
Binds to a receptor in the ER membrane |
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Definition
| Functions of the Signal Recognition Particle (SRP) |
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Term
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Definition
| on vesicle membrane and related to the cargo |
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Term
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Definition
| Help vesicles bind to the cargo receptors in the ER Membrane in order to load cargo. |
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Term
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Definition
| Pinches the membrane and releases the vesicle |
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Term
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Definition
are in the target membrane
and recognize the v-snares |
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Term
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Definition
| Theory that says chloroplasts and mitochondria originated from bacteria that took up residence within a primordial eukaryotic cell. |
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Term
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Definition
| Proteins bound for semi-autonomous organelles are sorted _________. |
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