Term
|
Definition
| The biomembrane that separates the internal contents of the cell from its external environment. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Basic framework of the membrane is the ____. |
|
|
Term
1. Selective uptake and export of ions and molecules.
2. Cell compartmentalization.
3. Protein sorting
4. Anchoring of the cytoskeleton
5. Production of energy intermediates such as ATP and NADPH
6. Cell signalling
7. cell and nuclear division
8. Adhesion of cells to each other and to the extracellular matrix. |
|
Definition
| Important functions of cellular membranes. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Model that suggests the membrane is a mosaic of lipid, protein and carbohydrate molecules. |
|
|
Term
| Integral membrane proteins. |
|
Definition
| Proteins that are embedded in the membrane. |
|
|
Term
| Lipid Anchors and Transmembrane Proteins |
|
Definition
| Two kinds of integral membrane proteins. |
|
|
Term
| Peripheral membrane proteins |
|
Definition
| Noncovalently bound to regions of integral membrane proteins that project out from the membrane, or they are bound to the polar head groups of phospholipids. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Individual molecules remain in close association yet have the ability to readily move within the membrane. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Property of a membrane in which lipids can rotate freely around their long axes and move laterally within the membrane leaflet. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Lipids move from one leaflet to the opposite leaflet and requires the enzyme flippase and ATP. |
|
|
Term
Length of fatty acid tails.
Presence of double bonds in the acyl tails.
Presence of cholesterol. |
|
Definition
| Factors that affect fluidity. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Shorter acyl tails are less likely to interacet, which makes the membrane ______ (more/less) fluid. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Double bonds create a kink in the fatty acyl tail making it more difficult for neighboring tails to interact and making the bilayer _______ (more/less) fluid. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Cholesterol tends to stabilize membranes making the lipids _______ (more/less) fluid. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Attach to cytoskelletal filament and limit movement. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Process of covalently attaching a carbohydrate to a protein or lipid. |
|
|
Term
Can serve as recognition signals for other cellular proteins.
Often play a role in cell surface recognition. |
|
Definition
| Functions of Glycoproteins and Glycolipids. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Where glycosylation occurs. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Where in the cell are glycolipids and glycoproteins made? |
|
|
Term
| Freeze Fracture Electron Microscopy (FFEM) |
|
Definition
| Specialized form of Transmission electron microscopy, can be used to analyze the ineriors of phospholipid bilayers |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Side of the lipid bilayer that is next to the cytosol when a sample of membrane is separated in FFEM. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Side of the lipid bilayer that is next to the outside of the cell when a sample of membrane is separated in FFEM. |
|
|
Term
Essential molecules enter
Metabolic intermediates remain
Waste products exit |
|
Definition
| PM is selectively permeable to ensure that: |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Movement of solute from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Concentration of a solute is higher or lower on one side of a membrane than the other. |
|
|
Term
| Ion electrochemical gradient |
|
Definition
| Both an electrical gradient and chemical gradient. Can be between molecular charges or molecular concentration. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Movement of molecules through a membrane without the input of energy. |
|
|
Term
| Passive diffusion and Facilitated diffusion. |
|
Definition
| Types of Passive Transport |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Diffusion of a solute through a membrane without a transport protein. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Diffusion of a solute through a membrane with the aid of a transport protein. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Equal water and solute concentration on either side of the membrane. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Solute concentration is higher on one side of the membrane. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Solute concentration is lower on one side of the membrane. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Water diffuses through a membrane from an area with more water to an area with less water. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The tendency for water to move into any cell. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| When plants wilt because water leaves plant cells. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Pushes plasma membrane against cell wall. Maintains shape and size. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| When cells shrink in a hypertonic solution. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Enable biological membranes to be selectively permeable. |
|
|
Term
| Channels and Transporters |
|
Definition
| 2 Classes of transport proteins. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Transmembrane proteins that form an open passageway for the direct diffusion of ions or molecules across the membrane. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Allow the facilitated diffusion of water through the membrane. |
|
|
Term
Ligand-gated
Intracellular regulatory proteins
Phosphorylation
Voltage-gated
Mechanosensitive channels |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Channel controlled by covalent bonding of small molecules such as neurotransmitters and hormones. |
|
|
Term
| Intracellular Regulatory Proteins |
|
Definition
| Non-covalent binding to channels controls gate. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Channel controlled by the covalent binding of a PO4 group. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Channel controlled by electrical charge. |
|
|
Term
| Mechanosensitive Channels |
|
Definition
| Channels controlled by changes in membrane tension. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Principle pathway for the uptake of organic molecules, such as sugars, amino acids, and nucleotides. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Transports a single solute/molecule in one direction. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Transports 2 or more solutes in same direction. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Transports 2 or more solutes in opposite directions. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A transporter that couples conformational changes to an energy source. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Use active transport and ATP hydrolysis. Can be uniporters, symporters or antiporters. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Movement of a solute across a membrane against its gradient from a region of low concentration to higher concentration. Requires input of energy. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Active transport that directly uses ATP to transport solute. |
|
|
Term
| Secondary Active Transport |
|
Definition
| Active transport that uses pre-existing gradient to drive transport of solute. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Generate Ion Electrochemical Gradients |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Enzyme that actively transports Na+ and K+ against their gradients by using the energy from ATP hydrolysis. 3 Na+ exported :2 K+ imported into cell. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Material inside the cell is packaged into vesicles and excreted into the extracellular medium. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Plasma membrane invaginates, or folds inward, to form a vesicle that brings substances into the cell. |
|
|
Term
| Receptor mediated endocytosis |
|
Definition
| A receptor is specific for a type of cargo that is brought into the cell. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Cell drinking used to internalize extra-cellular molecules. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Vesicles destined for exocytosis are typically derived from the _________. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A lipid that helps stabilize membranes of animal cells by regulating fluidity as temperature changes. |
|
|
