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| a unit of heredity, carries the information for a polypeptide or RNA |
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| the synthesis of RNA using one strand of DNA as a template |
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| a change in genetic material not caused by recombination |
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| silent, missense, nonsense, frameshift, insertion, deletion |
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| a change in a gene's sequence that had no effect on the amino acid sequence of a protein because it occurs in noncoding DNA or because it does not change the amino acid specified by the corresponding codon |
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| a change in a gene's sequence that changes the amino acid at that site in the encoded protein |
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| change in a gene's sequence that prematurely terminates translation by changing one of its codons to a stop codon |
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| the addition or deletion of a single or two adjacent nucleotides in a gene's sequence, results in the misreading of mRNA during translation and the production of a nonfunctional protein |
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| a mutation resulting from the loss of a continuous segment of a gene or chromosome, such mutations almost never revert to wild type |
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| transcription initiation site |
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| small ribonuleoprotein particles |
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| aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase |
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| any group of organisms coexisting at the same time and in the same place and capable of interbreeding with one another |
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also known as geographic range
the region within which a species occurs |
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| the number of individuals in a population per unit of area or volume |
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| the total number of individuals in a population |
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| the time course of growth and development, reproduction, and death during an average individual organism's life |
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| the average number of offspring produced by each female |
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| the fraction of individuals that do not survive from birth to a given stage or age, the opposite of survivorship |
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| the proportion of individuals in a cohort that are alive at age x. |
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| Two types of survivorship curves |
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| the study of population structure and of the processes by which it changes. |
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| in population models, the average individual's contributing to total population growth rate |
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| population growth in which a constant number of individuals is added to the population during successive time intervals |
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also known as exponential
a constant multiple of the population size is added to the population during successive time intervals |
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| growth in the size of an organism or in the number of organisms in a population that slows steadily as the entity approaches its maximum size |
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| the number of individuals in a population that the resources of its environment can support |
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DNA -> RNA -> Proteins
Transcription..Translation |
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| Transcription takes place____ |
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| Translation takes place_____. |
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| What are the three stages of transcription and translation? |
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Initiation, Elongation, Termination
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