Term
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Definition
- Organziation (cell structure)
- Growth/Development (growth in all parts)
- Replication
- Regulation (internal response to stimuli)
- Nutrient Uptake & Processing (metabolic processes)
- Environment Response (external resposne to stimuli)
- Evolution
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Term
| Name the 9 Empires, Domains, & Kingdoms |
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Definition
- The Archaea
- The Bacteria
- The Eukaryotes
- Protista
- Fungi
- Plantae
- Animalia
- Invertebrates
- Vertebrates
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Term
| Characteristics of The Archaea |
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Definition
- Prokaryotic
- Spherical, rod, spiral, lobed, rectangular or irregular in shape
- can exist as single cells or form filaments
- thrive in extreme environments (high pressure, high or low temperatures, high salinity)
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Term
| Characteristics of Bacteria |
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Definition
- Prokaryotic
- Single celled, no nucleus or membrane-bound organelles
- 5 groups, determined by shape: Spherical (cocci), rod (bacilli), spiral (spiralla), comma (vibrios), corkscrew (spirochaetes)
- cluster in pairs, chains or clusters
- found in every habitat on earth
- reproduce via binary fission, horizontal gene transfer
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Term
| Characteristics of Eukaryotes |
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Definition
- have nucleus and other membrane bound organelles
- unicellular or multicellular organisms, but the cells are generally larger than prokaryotic cells
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Term
| Characteristics of Protista |
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Definition
- Defined by what it isn't
- eukaryote that isn't a plant, animal, or fungus
- questional taxonomy
- unicellular or multicellular
- protozoa (amoeba, giardia)
- protphyta (algae)
- slime molds
- primary producers capable of photosynthesis
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Term
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Definition
- non-photosynthetic
- saprophytic
- chitin in cells walls create an "exoskeleton"
- reproduce both sexually and asexually (budding and fragmentation)
- important food sources and can be pathogenic
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Term
| Characteristics of Plantae |
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Definition
- reproduce sexually or asexually
- can photosynthesize
- dominate agriculture: 350,000 plant species and 10,000 are food species
- cells have membranes and cell walls (contain cellulose)
- root: shoot ratio
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Term
| Characteristics of Animalia |
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Definition
- reproduce sexually or asexually
- ranges from sponges to chordates
- multicellular, hetertrophic
- exhibit body symmetry
- utilize cellular specialization
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Term
| Characteristics of Invertebrates |
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Definition
- symmetry (most)
- segmentation (most)
- body support
- digestive and excretory systems
- reproductive system-asexual and sexual
- simple nervous systems
- direct or indirect life development
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Term
| Characteristics of Vertebrates |
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Definition
- backbone
- 5 major animal groups
- major adaptations focus on support of body and conservation of water
- digestive and excretory systems
- reproductive system-dominated by sexual reproduction
- nervous system- highly organized brains and CNS
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Term
| Evolution and the Diversity of Life |
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Definition
- LUCA and the origin of all species
- change over time
- Supported by all of biology, paleontology, geology, physics, geomorphology, chemistry, cosmology, etc.
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Term
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Definition
- Natural Selection="good enough"
- selection
- migration
- mutation
- drift
- Speciation
- allopatric
- sympatric
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Term
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Definition
- Cohesion via H2 bonds
- Moderates temperatures: thermal sink and evaporative cooling
- Ice Floats!
- Solvent du Jour
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Term
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Definition
| involves a TRANSFER of electrons: Na+Cl- |
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Term
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Definition
| involves a SHARING of electrons |
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Term
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Definition
| special case of covalent bonds |
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Term
| Hydrogen Bonds and Polarity |
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Definition
- covalent bond
- consists of 2 hydrogens and 1 oxygen (H2O)
- unequal sharing of charges results in a slightly polar molecule
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Term
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Definition
- Capillary action and water transport
- Surface tension and rafting
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Term
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Definition
- Blood, sap, cytoplasm are aqueous solutions
- Water is capable of dissolving many molecules important for life: trace elements, salts, sugars
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Term
| Common traits of macromolecules |
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Definition
- carbon based
- large in size
- created and broken down internally
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Term
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Definition
- Carbohydrates
- Nucleic Acids
- Proteins
- Lipids
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Term
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Definition
- simple sugars or monosaccharides
- disaccharides: succrose or maltose
- complex carbs or polysaccharides: starch or glycogen
- hydrophilic
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Term
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Definition
- DNA and RNA
- comprised of sugar-phosphate backbone and nitrogen bases
- hydrophilic (backbone) and hydrophobic (bases)
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Term
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Definition
- 3D shape is critical to function of all proteins
- comprised of a combination of 20 amino acids
- folding structure is important for function
- primary-sequence of Amino Acids
- Secondary-internal structure
- tertiary-3D shape of polypeptides
- quaternary-multiple polypeptides
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Term
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Definition
- Hydrophobic
- Fats: glycerol+3 fatty acid chains (triglycerides), unsaturated or saturated
- Steroids: Carbon skeleton with 4 fused rings
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