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| Theory of evolution by natural selection |
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Definition
1858, proposed by Darwin and Alfred Russel Wallace
Both proposed that a common ancestry connects all organisms |
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| Patterns of theory of evolution |
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Definition
Species are connected by a common ancestry
The characteristics observed in a species can change over generations |
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| species are related to each other, and the characteristics present in population can change over time |
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| Condition 1 that must be present for evolution to occur via natural selection |
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| Individuals in a population must be variable for a specific traight. |
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| members of the same species living in the same region at the same time. |
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| The variable trait must be heritable- passed from parent to offspring over generations |
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| certain forms of a trait help individuals to survive and reproduce more than other forms in that environment |
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| A heritable form of a trait will... |
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| provide more survival and reproductive success and will become more common in population over time. |
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| Natural selection acts on individuals, but evolutionary change occurs in populations |
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| humans selecting for specific traits over time |
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an individuals ability to produce offspring
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| a trait that can increase the fitness of an individual under specific environmental conditions |
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| family tree of all the organisms on earth |
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this has been done using genetics.
scientists can use the DNA or RNA sequence to create a phylogeny of organisms |
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| examination of genealogical relationships of species, displaying their evolutionary relationships |
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| If the theory of evolution is correct... Tree of life info |
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Definition
| then the DNA or RNA sequences are expected to be more similar in organisms that are closely related and less similar in organisms that are not similarily created |
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family tree that shows the relatedness between species
each node of the tree indicates a common ancestor
the nucleotide sequence of many different genes are used to create this tree |
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- archea branch was virtually unknown before this
- fungi were previously thought to be more closely related to plants, but they are actually closer related to animals
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| all scientists work by... |
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Definition
- asking questions
- developing specific, testable hypothesis
- making predictions
- designing experiments
- taking measurements and collecting data
- interpreting results
- drawing conclusions
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proposes that there is no relationship
a factor has no effect on a measured variable |
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