Term
|
Definition
| liquid that contains dissolved solids or gasses |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| liquid used to dissolve things |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| something that is being dissolved in a liquid |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
measures the proton concentration (H+) in a solution, determining whether a solution is an acid or a base
it measures H+ ions on a logarithmic scale |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| when water is separated into H+ and OH- (Hydrogen ion and Hydroxide Ion) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| molecules that release a proton are acids - increase concentration of protons in solution with water |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Molecules that accept protons - decrease concentration of protons in a solution with water |
|
|
Term
| Because the pH scale measures on the logarithmic scale... |
|
Definition
| when a solution changes by on pH unit the H+ ion difference is 10-fold |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
something that minimizes pH changes.
Important because changing hydrogen ion (H+) concentration can affect polar or charged molecules |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Electrons will move toward atoms |
|
Definition
| that are more electronegative |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the movement of electrons is down hill- in terms of energy |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| "Capacity to do work or supply heat" |
|
|
Term
| potential energy definition |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Potential energy differs... |
|
Definition
electrons in the outermost shell of an atom have more potential energy than those of the inner shells because they are further away from the nucleus.
They are further away from the positively charged protons and will move closer to protons if given the opportunity |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| its potential energy is changed into kenitic energy (motion) |
|
|
Term
| when an electron arrives at its new location |
|
Definition
| it has a lower potential energy than before, and that released potential energy has been changed to light or heat |
|
|
Term
| first law of thermodynamics |
|
Definition
| energy is not created or destroyed, but changes form |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
amount of disorder in a group of molecules
the freedom that molecules have to move - less ordered |
|
|
Term
| second law of thermodynamics |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Chemical reactions tend to be spontaneous when |
|
Definition
| they can happen with no external energy added |
|
|
Term
| Spontaneous reactions can happen when |
|
Definition
Potential energy will be released - during the reaction (lower potential energy than at start)
and/or
entropy increases during the reaction (higher entropy at end than start) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the energy that is available to drive a reaction |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Low entropy, and vice versa |
|
|
