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| The study of the structure of body parts and their relationships to one another |
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| Examining structure of the human body |
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| Inspection,palpation,auscultation,percussion |
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| Cutting and separation of tissues to reveal their relationships |
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| Study more than one species to examine structural similarities and differences |
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| Open body and take a look inside |
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| Viewing the inside of the body without surgery |
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| branch of medicine concerned with imaging |
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| Study of structures that can be seen with the naked eyes |
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| Study of structure and function of cells with mircoscope |
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| Histology (microscopic anatomy) |
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| Examination of cells with microscope |
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| The molecular detail seen in electron microscope |
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Microscopic examination of tissues for signs of disease
study of tissues and diseases |
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Definition
The study of the function of the body's structural machinery
Considers the operation of specific organ systems
Focuses on the functions of the body, often at the cellular or molecular level
Principle of Complementarity
Function always reflects structure
What a structure can do depends on its specific form |
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Definition
| the body's ability to detect change, activate mechanism that oppose it, and thereby maintain relatively stable internal conditions. Loss of homeostasis can cause illness or death |
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Definition
| Body senses a change and activates mechanisms to reverse it - dynamic equilibrium |
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Definition
| composed of organ systems |
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| No two humans are exactly alike |
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| No two humans are exactly alike |
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Definition
variable number of organs (missing muscles, extra vertebrae, renal arteries)
variation in organ locations |
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Definition
Sex, age, diet, weight, physical activity
Typical physiological values |
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Term
Brain senses change in blood temperature |
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Definition
if to warm, vessels dilate (vasodilation) in the skin and sweating begins (heat losing mechanisms)
if too cold, vessels in the skin constrict (vasoconstriction)
and shivering begins (heat gaining mechanism) |
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Term
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Definition
In negative feedback systems, the output shuts off the original stimulus |
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Term
Negative Feedback Control of Blood Pressure |
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Definition
Sitting up in bed causes a drop in blood pressure in the head and upper thorax |
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Term
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Definition
in the arteries near the heart alert the cardiac center in the brainstem |
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Definition
nerve signals that increase the heart rate and return the blood pressure to normal
Failure of this to feedback loop may produce dizziness in the elderly |
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Term
Control of Blood Pressure
3 Components of a Feedback Loop
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Definition
Receptor
Integrating -control center
Effector |
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Term
| Integrating (Control) Center |
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Definition
| control center that processes the sensory information, ‘makes a decision’, and directs the response |
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Definition
| carries out the final corrective action to restore homeostasis |
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Definition
In positive feedback systems, the output enhances or exaggerates the original stimulus
Example: Regulation of blood clotting |
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Definition
| leads to greater change in the same direction– change produces more change |
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Normal way of producing rapid changes |
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Definition
occurs with childbirth, blood clotting, protein digestion, fever, and generation of nerve signals |
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Term
Harmful Positive Feedback Loop |
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Definition
Fever > 104 degrees F
metabolic rate increases
body produces heat even faster
body temperature continues to rise
further increasing metabolic rate
Cycle continues to reinforce itself
Becomes fatal at 113 degrees F |
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| Modifies core meaning of root word |
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| Modifies core meaning of root word |
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Definition
| If too cold ,vessels in the skin constrict and shivering begins heat gaining mechanism |
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Term
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Definition
| if to warm, vessels dilate ( in the skin and sweating begins (heat losing mechanisms) |
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