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BIO 105 GENETICS
FINAL
26
Biology
Undergraduate 3
03/13/2013

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Term
Restriction Enzyme
Definition

Recognizes a specific sequence of bases anywhere within the genome and severs two covalent bonds

 

Term
Restriction Fragment
Definition
Fragment of DNA created by the restriction enzymes
Term
Digestion
Definition
Act of cutting with restriction enzymes to make restriction fragments
Term
Sticky ends
Definition
Enzymes make cuts in DNA to generate fragments with single-stranded ends that are protruding
Term
Gel Electrophoresis
Definition

Distinguishes DNA according to size - movement of a charge molecule through an  electric field

 

-DNA moves down the gel towards a positive charge

Term
Vector
Definition
Specialized DNA sequence that can enter a living cell and signal its presence to an investigator by confering a detectable property on the host cell and provide means of replication for itself and the foreign DNA inserted into it
Term
Plasmid
Definition
A type of vector that is a circular strand of DNA
Term
Selectable Maker
Definition

Antiobiotic resistance genes and other vector genes that make it possible to pick out cells harboring a particular DNA molecule

 

Term
Selecting
Definition
Put the antibiotic on the plate and test which cells are resistant
Term
Screening
Definition
Using beta-galactoidase to see if the lac Z gene is interupted or not, if it is not, the cells turn blue-- this means it did not take the insert
Term
Genomic Library
Definition
A long-lived collection of cellular clones that contains copies of every single sequence in the whole genome intserted into a suitable vector
Term
cDNA libraries
Definition

A library that on contains exon information obtained from RNA transcripts

 

-to produce them invitro viruses are used

Term
DNA probes
Definition
Purified fragments of single stranded DNA that are labeled with a radio active isotope
Term
Southern Blots
Definition
Hybridization technique- restriction fragments from a complex genome are separated by gel electrophoresis and transfered by blotting
Term
PCR Polymerase Chain Reaction
Definition

Used to isolate and make large quantities of a defined DNA fragment from a complex genome

Amplification is exponential

 

Term
Onocgenes
Definition
Mutant alleles that act dominantly
Term
Tummor-Suppressor genes
Definition
Recessive alleles of genes whose normal alleles help put cell division on hold whether in terminally differenciated cells or cells with DNA damage
Term
Loss of Function Mutation
Definition

They distrupt the gene function by altering the amino acid sequence of the protein product or by interfering with any step of gene expression

-Proteins with diminished or no biochemical acitivity

Term
Null Mutation
Definition

L-F

Mutations that remove all function

-Recessive to wild-type

Term
Knock out mice
Definition
Take a cloned gene, use recombinant DNA technology to destroy function, and replace it with the wild-type gene in the genome with an activated cloned copy
Term
Hypomorphic mutations
Definition

Partial loss of function

-Can be beneficial in some cases

Term
Conditional Mutations
Definition

Loss of function under special circumstances

Ex: temp sensative

Term
Dominant Negative Mutations
Definition

One good copy of an allele is not sufficient for normal development

-Haploinsufficiency

Term
Gain of Function Mutation
Definition

Mutations that produce too much protein

-Usually dominant to the wild-type

Term
5% recombinance
30% recombinance
50% recombinance
Definition

- 5 linked and pretty close

-30 linked and further apart

-50 linked and far apart or not linked

Term
Reverse Genetics
Definition
"Knock out" mice
-replace one good copy of a gene w/ a mutant copy relies on homologous recombination
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