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| A watershed is the area of land where all of the water that is under it or drains off of it goes into the same place. |
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| is the study of how people decide to use resources to provide goods and services in the face of demands for them. |
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| is a non-monetary economy which relies on natural resources to provide for basic needs, through hunting, gathering, and subsistence agriculture. |
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| Capitalist market economy |
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| system where prices for goods and services are set freely by the forces of supply and demand and are allowed to reach their point of equilibrium without intervention by government policy. |
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| Centrally planned economies |
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| An economic system in which economic decisions are made by the state or government rather than by the interaction between consumers and businesses. |
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| an economic system combining private and public enterprise. |
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| the important benefits for human beings that arise from healthily functioning ecosystems, notably production of oxygen, soil genesis, and water detoxification. |
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| A school of economic thought advocating minimum governmental intervention, free enterprise, and free trade, considering labor the source of wealth and dealing with problems concerning overpopulation. |
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| is a set of approaches to economics focusing on the determination of prices, outputs, and income distributions in markets through supply and demand. |
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| process by which business decisions are analyzed. The benefits of a given situation or business-related action are summed and then the costs associated with taking that action are subtracted. |
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| cost that a producer or a consumer imposes on another producer or consumer, outside of any market transaction between them. |
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| Economists involved in a growing trans-disciplinary field that aims to improve and expand economic theory to integrate the earth's natural systems, human values and human health and well-being. |
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| A steady-state economy is an economy of relatively stable size. A zero growth economy features stable population and stable consumption that remain at or below carrying capacity. The term typically refers to a national economy, but it can also be applied to the economic system of a city, a region, or the entire planet. |
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| Values not included in a market price of a good. |
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| Specific rules intended to help achieve the objectives of the more broadly written statutory law. |
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| disinformation disseminated by an organization so as to present an environmentally responsible public image. |
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| is a situation in which the allocation of goods and services is not efficient. That is, there exists another conceivable outcome where an individual may be made better-off without making someone else worse-off. |
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| Course or principle of action adopted or proposed by a government, party, business, or individual. |
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| Declared State objectives relating to the health, morals, and well being of the citizenry. In the interest of public policy, legislatures and courts seek to nullify any action, contract, or trust that goes counter to these objectives even if there is no statute that expressly declares it void. |
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| Refers to the commitment of an organization to the laws, regulations, and other policy mechanisms concerning environmental issues. |
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| a person, business, or corporation who obtains something without effort or cost. |
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| the act of making or enacting laws. |
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| National Environmental Policy Act |
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| is a United States environmental law that promotes the enhancement of the environment and established the President's Council on Environmental Quality. |
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| Environmental impact statement |
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| Is a document prepared to describe the effects for proposed activities on the environment. "Environment," in this case, is defined as the natural and physical environment and the relationship of people with that environment. |
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| Environmental Protection Agency |
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| The EPA is an agency of the United States federal government whose mission is to protect human and environmental health. |
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| The United Nations is an intergovernmental organization to promote international co-operation. |
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| The European Union is a politico-economic union of 28 member states that are located primarily in Europe. |
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| The World Trade Organization (WTO) is the only global international organization dealing with the rules of trade between nations. At its heart are the WTO agreements, negotiated and signed by the bulk of the world's trading nations and ratified in their parliaments. |
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| One of the largest sources of funding for economic development. |
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| Are excise taxes on environmental pollutants or on goods whose use produces such pollutants. |
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| Is an environmental policy principle which requires that the costs of pollution be borne by those who cause it. In its original emergence the Polluter Pays Principle aims at determining how the costs of pollution prevention and control must be allocated: the polluter must pay. |
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| a system by which countries and organizations receive permits to produce a specified amount of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases, which they may trade with others. |
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| A market-based policy tool for protecting human health and the environment by controlling large amounts of emissions from a group of sources. A cap and trade program first sets an aggressive cap, or maximum limit, on emissions. |
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| Is a voluntary method of environmental performance certification and labelling that is practised around the world |
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