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BIO 105 Test 1 Review
BIO 105 Test 1 @ North Carolina State University
51
Biology
Undergraduate 3
09/06/2010

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Term
Biology is the Study of
Definition
Life
Term
Ecosystem
Definition
All forms of life in an area and nonliving factors.
Term
Biosphere
Definition
The collection of the Earth's ecosystems.
Term
Community
Definition
all population of different species in an area.
Term
Population
Definition
group of individuals of the same species in an area.
Term
Abiotic
Definition
(nonliving) solar energy, wind, water, temperature, etc.
Term
Biotic
Definition
(living) predation and competition
Term
Industrial Smog
Definition
GRAY, comes from cities that burn coal, has sulfur.
Term
Photochemical Smog
Definition
BROWN, comes from automobile exhaust, has nitrogen.
Term
Eutrophic
Definition
Shallow, nutrient-rich, high primary productivity.
Term
Oligatrophic
Definition
Deep, nutrient-poor, low primary productivity.
Term
The farther you move from the equator,
Definition
the less animal diversity you will see.
Term
Troposhere
Definition
TREES, where air is warmed, GREENHOUSE EFFECT
Term
Stratosphere
Definition
(OZONE LAYER)
Term
Seasonal Lake Overturn
Definition
in spring and fall temps become more uniform, oxygen rich surface water mixes with oxygen poor deeper waters, nutrients accumulated at bottom are brought to the surface.
Term
Estuary
Definition
partially enclosed area where saltwater and freshwater mix. (Chesapeake Bay, San Francisco Bay)
Term
Clumped
Definition
individuals gather in patches. (fish, humans)
Term
Uniform
Definition
individuals gather evenly. (penguins)
Term
Random
Definition
individuals gather in unique forms. (forests)
Term
Type I
Definition
individuals live for a long time, die at old age. (humans)
Term
Type II
Definition
individuals have a relatively constant death rate. (birds, lizards)
Term
Type III
Definition
individuals die very early in their lives. (fish)
Term
Learning
Definition
responses that change with experience.
Term
Imprinting
Definition
time-dependent from learning.
Term
Competition
Definition
(-/-) detrimental to both species. (weeds in a garden)
Term
Predation
Definition
(-/+) interaction beneficial to one species and detrimental to the other. (Lion attacking antelope)
Term
Mutualism
Definition
(+/+) beneficial to both species. (lichens)
Term
Commensalism
Definition
(+/0) beneficial to one and the doesn't really care. (algae to whale)
Term
Parasitism
Definition
(+/-) parasite benefits but is detrimental to the host. (flea on dog)
Term
Hydrologic Cylcle
Definition
(water) main reservoir is ocean.
Term
Atmospheric Cycle
Definition
(nitrogen) used in amino acids and nucleic acids, main reservoir is atmosphere.

(carbon) major ingredient in ALL organic molecules.
Term
Sedimentary Cycle
Definition
(phosphorus) most prevalent limiting factor in ecosystems, main reservoir is the Earth's crust.
Term
Earth coverage, salt water
Definition
75% of Earth covered by water, 93% is salt water.
Term
Macromolecules
Definition
Carbs, lipids, protein, nucleic acid
Term
Matter
Definition
anything that takes up space and has mass.
Term
Element
Definition
substance that cannot be broken down to other substances by ordinary means – (92 occur naturally in nature)
Term
Atom
Definition
smallest unit of an element.
Term
Atom
Definition
smallest unit of an element.
Term
Compound
Definition
substance containing two or more elements in a fixed ratio .
Term
Ionic Bonds
Definition
One atom loses electrons, becomes positively charged ion. Another atom gains these electrons, becomes negatively charged ion.

Charge difference attracts the two ions to one another.
Term
Covalent Bonds
Definition
Atoms share a pair or pairs of electrons to fill outermost shell – STRONG bond.
Term
Tropical Forests
Definition
warm temp, vertical stratification highest here.
Term
Savannahs
Definition
Dry and warm grasslands with scattered trees.
Term
Deserts
Definition
Less than 10 cm of annual rainfall, tend to occur 30 deg N and S of Equator.
Term
Chaparral
Definition
shiny shrubs dominate, wet winters hot dry summers.
Term
Temperate Grasslands
Definition
mostly treeless, periodic droughts, fires, large grazing animals.
Term
Tundra: Artic
Definition
occurs at high latitudes, permafrost lies beneath surface, never thaws.
Term
Tundra: Alpine
Definition
occurs at high elevations, NO UNDERLYING PERMAFROST!
Term
Isotopes
Definition
atoms of same element, different number of neutrons.
Term
Nonpolar
Definition
(pull equally) atoms SHARE electrons.
Term
Polar
Definition
(unequal pull) electrons spend more time near nucleus, w/most protons. (water)
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