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| All forms of life in an area and nonliving factors. |
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| The collection of the Earth's ecosystems. |
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| all population of different species in an area. |
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| group of individuals of the same species in an area. |
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| (nonliving) solar energy, wind, water, temperature, etc. |
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| (living) predation and competition |
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| GRAY, comes from cities that burn coal, has sulfur. |
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| BROWN, comes from automobile exhaust, has nitrogen. |
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| Shallow, nutrient-rich, high primary productivity. |
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| Deep, nutrient-poor, low primary productivity. |
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| The farther you move from the equator, |
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| the less animal diversity you will see. |
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| TREES, where air is warmed, GREENHOUSE EFFECT |
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| in spring and fall temps become more uniform, oxygen rich surface water mixes with oxygen poor deeper waters, nutrients accumulated at bottom are brought to the surface. |
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| partially enclosed area where saltwater and freshwater mix. (Chesapeake Bay, San Francisco Bay) |
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| individuals gather in patches. (fish, humans) |
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| individuals gather evenly. (penguins) |
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| individuals gather in unique forms. (forests) |
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| individuals live for a long time, die at old age. (humans) |
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| individuals have a relatively constant death rate. (birds, lizards) |
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| individuals die very early in their lives. (fish) |
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| responses that change with experience. |
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| time-dependent from learning. |
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| (-/-) detrimental to both species. (weeds in a garden) |
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| (-/+) interaction beneficial to one species and detrimental to the other. (Lion attacking antelope) |
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| (+/+) beneficial to both species. (lichens) |
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| (+/0) beneficial to one and the doesn't really care. (algae to whale) |
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| (+/-) parasite benefits but is detrimental to the host. (flea on dog) |
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| (water) main reservoir is ocean. |
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(nitrogen) used in amino acids and nucleic acids, main reservoir is atmosphere.
(carbon) major ingredient in ALL organic molecules. |
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| (phosphorus) most prevalent limiting factor in ecosystems, main reservoir is the Earth's crust. |
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| Earth coverage, salt water |
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| 75% of Earth covered by water, 93% is salt water. |
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| Carbs, lipids, protein, nucleic acid |
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| anything that takes up space and has mass. |
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| substance that cannot be broken down to other substances by ordinary means – (92 occur naturally in nature) |
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| smallest unit of an element. |
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| smallest unit of an element. |
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| substance containing two or more elements in a fixed ratio . |
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One atom loses electrons, becomes positively charged ion. Another atom gains these electrons, becomes negatively charged ion.
Charge difference attracts the two ions to one another. |
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| Atoms share a pair or pairs of electrons to fill outermost shell – STRONG bond. |
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| warm temp, vertical stratification highest here. |
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| Dry and warm grasslands with scattered trees. |
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| Less than 10 cm of annual rainfall, tend to occur 30 deg N and S of Equator. |
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| shiny shrubs dominate, wet winters hot dry summers. |
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| mostly treeless, periodic droughts, fires, large grazing animals. |
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| occurs at high latitudes, permafrost lies beneath surface, never thaws. |
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| occurs at high elevations, NO UNDERLYING PERMAFROST! |
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| atoms of same element, different number of neutrons. |
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| (pull equally) atoms SHARE electrons. |
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| (unequal pull) electrons spend more time near nucleus, w/most protons. (water) |
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