Term
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Definition
| absorbs water and minerals and anchors |
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Definition
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Definition
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Term
| How hearing functions (pick hearing or vision) |
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Definition
| Sound waves hit tympanic membrane causes three bones in middle ear to transmit it to the oval window on the cochlea where it travels through a canal where it will dampen at the round window |
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Term
| How vision functions (pick hearing or vision) |
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Definition
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Term
| how does brain determine pitch |
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Definition
| wavelength on the vascular membrane, hair, will determine what pitch it is |
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Term
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Definition
| outer protective covering, first line of defense against damage and infection, waxy layer called cuticle reduces water loss |
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Term
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Definition
| support and long-distance transport, arranged in bundles, composed of xylem and phloem |
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Term
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Definition
| between dermal and vascular, food production, storage, and support |
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Term
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Definition
most abundant in plants, primary cell wall, alive, function in photosynthesis
3 P's only P cell, no secondary |
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Term
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Definition
| thick (clunky) walls, flexible support |
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Term
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Definition
| hard, dead at maturity, rigid support |
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Term
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Definition
| xylem made of tracheids and vessel elements are dead (straws), where water is pulled up |
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Term
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Definition
| alive, but lack most organelles, sieve tube members has companion cells near it, phloem |
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Term
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Definition
| Straight through by the plasmadesmota and sneaking around cells until it hits casparian strip |
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Term
| 5 types of sensory receptors and what they detect |
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Definition
Mechanoreceptors-sense physical stimuli
Chemoreceptors-transmit info on total solute concentration of a solution
Electromagnetic receptors-detect electromagnetic energy (ex light)
Thermoreceptors-respond to heat or cold
Pain receptors-responds to pain |
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Term
| how are action potentials interpreted? |
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Definition
| interpreted as sensations, which involves converting energy into a change in membrane potential of sensory receptors |
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Term
| What is sensory adaptation |
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Definition
| decrease in responsiveness to continued stimulation |
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Term
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Definition
| found at tips of roots and shoots, where primary growth occurs |
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Term
| difference between primary and secondary growth? |
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Definition
| primary growth is up and downwards, while secondary is horizontal growth |
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Term
| what is bark composed of? |
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Definition
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Term
| what is transpiration and is water pushed or pulled out leaves? |
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Definition
| transpiration is evaporation of water from surface of leaves, water is pulled out |
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Term
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Definition
| enclose and protect flower bud |
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Term
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Definition
| showy; attract pollinators |
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Term
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Definition
| male reproductive structures |
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Term
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Definition
| female reproductive structures (pistil is name for single or fused carpels) |
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Term
| double angiosperm fertilization |
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Definition
| one sperm fertilizes egg to produce zygote, another fuses with central cell nuclei to produce 3n endosperm, endosperm nourishes developing embryo |
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Term
| embryonic difference between monocots and eudicots |
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Definition
| monocots has one cotyledon, while eudicot has two cotyledons |
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Term
| function of stomata and guard cells |
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Definition
| guard cells can regulate amount of water lost from leaves, stomata allows CO2 to enter for photosynthesis |
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Term
| know what sources and sinks are, what two cell types of phloem involved |
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Definition
source is a plant organ that is a net producer via photosynthesis or starch breakdown, sinks is a plant organ that is a net consumer of sugar
SOURCE = PRODUCER
SINK = CONSUMER
phloem cell types involved are SIEVE TUBE MEMBER and SIEVE PLATES |
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Term
| what is topsoil and humus? |
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Definition
| they are in A horizon, topsoil is subject to weather; layer contains humus (decaying organic matter) and many soil organisms |
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Term
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Definition
| transfer of positive ions (calcium, magnesium, and potassium) from soil to plant roots |
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Term
| nitrogen fixation, accomplished, and why important? |
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Definition
| N2 (nitrogen) is converted to ammonia, which the plants can use, done by soil bacterias |
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Term
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Definition
| mycorrihizae is a fungi, acts as extensions to plant roots, releases growth factors and antibiotics into soil and produces enzymes that release phosphorus from soil, making it available to plant host |
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Term
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Definition
| A bacteria that is nitrogen-fixing, form root nodules that is housed in plants, plants with rhizo are rich in nitrogen |
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Term
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Definition
| all living organisms in an area and nonliving components of environment that interact and function as a unit |
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Term
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Definition
| how organisms interact with each other and nonliving environment |
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Term
| what are biotic and abiotic components? |
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Definition
Abiotic = NONLIVING (air, water, solar energy, rocks, nutrients, heat)
biotic = LIVING AND ONCE LIVING |
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Term
| Hierarchy of biosphere to organism |
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Definition
Organism > population > community > ecosystem > biosphere
individual living being > group of individuals of same species > populations of different species living in a particular place > community of different species interacting with one another and nonliving environment > parts of earths air water and soil where life is found |
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Term
| interactions in competition, predation, herbivory, parasitism, mutualism, and commensualism |
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Definition
| both negative, one species benefits, one species benefits, one benefits, both benefits, and both have no effect on the other |
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Term
| defenses against predation |
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Definition
| camouflage, mechanical defenses, chemical defenses |
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Term
| know trophic levels in ecosystem |
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Definition
a pattern of feeding relationships consisting of several different levels
Producers > primary consumers > secondary consumers > tertiary consumers > quaternary consumers |
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Term
| dominant and keystone species and difference |
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Definition
keystone is a species whose impact on community larger than biomass or abundance indicates, while dominant is total biomass is larger than mass of others,
KEYSTONE HAS LARGE EFFECT ON ECOSYSTEM COMPARED TO DOMINANT |
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Term
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Definition
| temperature, latitude and elevation, annual precipitation |
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Term
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Definition
| warms the lower atmosphere |
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Term
| solar energy ultimately determine precipitation patterns, circulation and ocean currents? |
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Definition
| areas where sun hits directly has most moist air releasing moisture, while nearby, dry air absorbs moisture |
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Term
| what is ocean conveyor belt and why is it called the thermohaline current |
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Definition
| it is a underwater current that is massive but slow, heat and salt determines density (thermo and haline) |
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Term
| how temperature patterns vary seasonally, topographically, and with latitude |
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Definition
Topographically- temperature variations induced by water and terrain
Latitude- equatorial areas sun is overhead, as latitude increases, colder due to sun energy further
Seasonally- earth rotates, thus eventually north hemisphere would be where the south was and vice versa |
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