Term
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Definition
| light energy that is retained by pigment molecules |
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Term
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Definition
| molecules that absorb light energy and pass it to chlorophyll a |
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Term
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Definition
| a graph showing overall photosynthetic activity by a plant |
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Definition
| an accessory orange colored pigment |
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Term
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Definition
| a "developed" chromatography strip in which pigments have been separated from one another |
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Term
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Definition
| the green pigment of photosynthesis; the principal pigment of all photosynthetic organisms |
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Term
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Definition
| an accessory green pigment |
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Term
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Definition
| waxy non-cellular layer on the outer surface of the plant leaf that prevents water loss by evaporation |
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Term
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Definition
| outermost layer of cells in plants, especially in leaves |
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Term
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Definition
| specialized epidermal cells that occur in pairs on leaf surfaces and regulate the opening into the leaf interior |
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Term
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Definition
| chloroplast-bearing cells in the interior that are oriented with their long axes perpendicular to the leaf interior |
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Term
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Definition
| a method of separating pigment molecules from a solution based on the different suitabilities of pigments in chromatography solvent |
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Term
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Definition
| a complex series of reactions in which the energy of sunlight is absorbed by pigments and transformed into organic molecules |
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Term
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Definition
| a molecule that absorbs light energy |
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Term
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Definition
| light energy that is not absorbed by pigment molecules but is turned back |
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Term
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Definition
| the ratio of fronts for pigments on a chromatogram |
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Term
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Definition
| loosely packed chloroplast bearing cells in the interior of leaves; surrounded by air space |
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Term
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Definition
| openings on leaf surfaces through which air passes to the interior of the leaf |
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Term
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Definition
| light energy that is not absorbed by an object, but passes through it |
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Term
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Definition
| a measure of the quality of light (technically, the distance between the peaks of two consecutive waves; informally, the color of light |
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Term
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Definition
| the phase of cell division during which chromatids or homologous chromosomes separate and move to opposite ends of the cell |
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Term
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Definition
| reproduction not involving the fusion of gametes |
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Term
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Definition
| life cycle of an individual cell |
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Term
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Definition
| structure in a chromosome which keeps replicated chromatids together and to which spindle fiber attach |
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Term
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Definition
| one of the two replicated strands of a duplicated chromosome (both of which are joined by a single centromere) |
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Term
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Definition
| the structure in the nucleus that contains genetic information. all genetic information associated with one centromere |
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Term
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Definition
| constriction that forms around the middle of animal cells during cytokinesis to subdivide cytoplasm |
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Term
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Definition
| division of the cytoplasm following mitosis or meiosis |
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Term
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Definition
| the products of cell division following cytokinesis |
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Term
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Definition
| condition in which a cell has two sets of chromosomes (one set is derived form each parent) |
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Term
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Definition
| mature sex cells (eggs and sperm); the haploid products of meiosis |
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Term
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Definition
| physically similar chromosomes which pair up during synapsis; one homologous chromosome is inherited from the mother, the other from the father |
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Term
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Definition
| interval between cell divisions in the cell cycle |
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Term
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Definition
| chromosome complement of a cell |
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Term
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Definition
| nuclear division in which the number of chromosomes is reduced by one-half; cell division which produces haploid gametes |
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Term
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Definition
| the phase of cell division when the chromosomal material is situated in the middle of the cell |
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Term
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Definition
| nuclear division which produces daughter cells that are identical to the original cell |
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Term
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Definition
| cell which has undergone chromosome replication and is undergoing oogenesis |
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Term
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Definition
| meiosis which produces egg cells |
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Term
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Definition
| cell which undergoes chromosome replication to produce an oocyte |
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Term
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Definition
| final product of oogenesis; following a period of maturation, becomes an ovum |
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Term
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Definition
| a daughter cell in oogenesis which contains nuclear material, but very little cytoplasm |
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Term
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Definition
| the phase of cell division during which the nuclear membrane disappears and the chromosomes become visible |
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Term
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Definition
| reproduction involving the fusion of haploid gametes from two different parents to produce a diploid zygote |
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Term
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Definition
| final product of spermatogenesis; following a period of maturation, becomes a spermatozoan |
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Term
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Definition
| cell which has undergone chromosome replication and is undergoing spermatogenesis |
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Term
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Definition
| meiosis which produces sperm |
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Term
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Definition
| cell which undergoes chromosome replication to produce a spermatocyte |
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Term
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Definition
| the mature final product of spermatogenesis |
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Term
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Definition
| microtubules that attach to the centromere and move the chromosomes around the cytoplasm during cell division |
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Term
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Definition
| pairing of replicated homologous chromosomes during meiosis |
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Term
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Definition
| the phase of cell division during which the nuclear membrane re-appears and the chromosomes disappear |
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Term
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Definition
| a diploid cell formed by the fusion of two haploid gametes; a fertilized egg cell |
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Term
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Definition
| alternate forms of a gene |
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Term
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Definition
| a genetics cross in which the inheritance of two traits is studied |
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Term
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Definition
| the allele that is expressed in the heterozygote |
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Term
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Definition
| the offspring of the parental generation |
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Term
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Definition
| the offspring of a cross of two F1 individuals |
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Term
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Definition
| the study of inheritance patterns and processes |
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Term
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Definition
| the alleles that an individual has for a particular gene |
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Term
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Definition
| a genotype consisting of two different alleles; not true-breeding |
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Term
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Definition
| a genotype consisting of two identical alleles; true-breeding |
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Term
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Definition
| a genetics cross in which the inheritance of one trait is studied |
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Term
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Definition
| parental or original generation in a series of genetic crosses |
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Term
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Definition
| a family tree in which the phenotypes of family members are presented by standard symbols |
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Term
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Definition
| the physical appearance or expression of a genotype |
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Term
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Definition
| a graphic device in which all possible outcomes of a cross between two individuals are depicted |
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Term
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Definition
| an allele that is masked in the heterozygote |
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Term
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Definition
| a cross between an individual of unknown genotype and an individual with the homozygous recessive genotype |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| the most common phenotype in natural populations; generally taken as the standard of the "normal" phenotype |
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