Term
| A disease outbreak in an area where the disease is not traditionally found is called |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Europeans were assisted in their conquest of the Americas by |
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Definition
| the introduction of diseases to native populations |
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Term
| An in depth analyses of one patient is called |
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Definition
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|
Term
| A cohort study is composed of |
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Definition
| a group of patients with a common element who are disease free |
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Term
| A cohort control study is which step in the scientific method? |
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Definition
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Term
| The United Nations works to vaccinate children in developing nations through |
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Definition
| The World Health Organization |
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Term
| The major difference between prokaryotes and eukaryotes is |
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Definition
| eukaryotes have organelles and a nucleus and prokaryotes do not. |
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Term
| Bacteria are classified by |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Which of the following is not a description of bacterial shape? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Gram positive bacteria appear |
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Definition
|
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Term
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Definition
|
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Term
| What characteristic is used when classifying a bacterium as bacilli or spirochete? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is indicated by the fact that you are covered inside and out with bacteria? |
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Definition
| Most bacteria are harmless and some are even helpful |
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|
Term
| Which of the following is NOT a mode of action of antibiotics? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Which of the following is NOT a way bacteria become resistant to antibiotics? |
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Definition
Membrane changes so the antibiotic cannot enter
B) Receptor in membrane changes so the antibiotic cannot attach
C) Bacterium produces enzymes that destroy the antibiotic
D) These are all ways of becoming resistant |
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Term
| Which of the following is an example of a virus? |
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Definition
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Term
| This virus, which causes flu-like symptoms, can attack the nervous system. |
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Definition
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Term
| WHO has plans to eradicate which virus using vaccination programs. |
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Definition
|
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Term
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Definition
| A series of symptoms associated with a long-term infection by a virus |
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|
Term
| Which of the following is NOT a way to contract HIV? |
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Definition
| Shaking hands with an infected person |
|
|
Term
| What is the only virus thus far successfully eradicated from the human population? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Why has it been difficult to make a vaccine against HIV? |
|
Definition
| The HIV virus mutates too quickly for a vaccine to be effective. |
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|
Term
| Mad cow disease is caused by |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Which of the following is a pathogen? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Epidemiology rarely has to contend with error when studying disease. |
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Definition
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|
Term
| One of the best precautions against infectious disease is hand washing. |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Most bacteria on earth cause human disease. |
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Definition
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Term
| Prokaryotic cells are larger than eukaryotic cells. |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Antibiotics are not as effective at treating bacterial disease as they once were because some strains of bacteria have evolved to resist the action antibiotics. |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Factory farming has contributed to antibiotic resistance in bacteria. |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| The plague has been completely eradicated in America thanks to the efforts of WHO. |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Viruses are not considered to be alive. |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Because there is no cure for AIDS, prevention is the key to controlling its spread. |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Amoebic dysentery is caused by a prion. |
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Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| cells that divide uncontrollably. |
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|
Term
| When the normal regulation of cell growth fails the result is |
|
Definition
abnormal nuclei and damaged DNA.
cell immortality.
undifferentiated cells. |
|
|
Term
| Which is not a characteristic of cancer? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Genes that promote cell growth are called |
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Definition
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|
Term
| In a cell with damaged DNA, the action of which protein will halt cell division |
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Definition
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|
Term
| The difference between a proto-oncogene and an oncogene is |
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Definition
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|
Term
| The presence of telomerase in a cell leads to |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| A tumor is considered malignant |
|
Definition
| if is invasive and spreads |
|
|
Term
| The migration of cancer from the original tumor is called |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which factor has NOT been linked to increased cancer risk? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which gene is not a tumor-suppressor? |
|
Definition
A) BRCA1/BRCA2
B) TP53
C) RB
D) All are tumor-suppressor genes |
|
|
Term
| The majority of cancers caused by an environmental factor are due to |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The majority of skin cancers are caused by |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The most likely way to be exposed to radiation is |
|
Definition
| exposure to diagnostic X-rays |
|
|
Term
| The most common cause of cervical cancer is |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How might viruses initiate cancer? |
|
Definition
Depressing the immune system
Altering host cell DNA and cell function. |
|
|
Term
| Which diet(s) is(are) linked to higher cancer rates? |
|
Definition
A) High alcohol consumption
B) High fat content
C) Low consumption of fruit and vegetables |
|
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
A) screening tests imaging
B) tumor enzyme test
C) imaging |
|
|
Term
| The first and most important step in cancer control is |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The best imaging technique for detecting tumors in connective tissue, the brain or spinal cord is |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Prostate-specific antigen can be diagnosed by |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which of the following techniques of cancer treatment is not considered to be a "sledgehammer"approach? |
|
Definition
| cutting off the blood supply to the tummor |
|
|
Term
| Why is radiation effective in treating cancer cells? |
|
Definition
| Radiation is deadly to rapidly dividing cells and cancer cells divide much more frequently than non-cancerous cells. |
|
|
Term
| Healthy cells contain many proto-oncognes. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| All malignant tumors start out as a single mutated cancer cell. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A distinguishing feature of cancer cells is their perfect symmetry |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Telomerase is an enzyme present in healthy cells that maintains the tips of chromosomes |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The easiest way to avoid most cancers caused by an environmental factor is to avoid smoking any organic compound. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| If you carry either the BRCA1 or BRCA2 gene you will develop breast cancer. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The RB gene is an oncogene. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The environmental carcinogens known as initiators cause cancerous changes in cellular functioning |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Genetic tests can detect the presence of cancer. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Eating fresh fruits, vegetables, and whole grains while avoiding trans and saturated fats will lower your cancer risk. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| New cancer treatments target cancer cells and are less damaging to healthy cells. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which of the following is a not a part of the cardiovascular system? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the name of the membrane that surrounds the heart? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which of the following initiates the heartbeat? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How does Starling's law relate to the heart? |
|
Definition
| The heart beats with more force when there is an increase in blood volume returning to the heart |
|
|
Term
| What is the name of the blood vessels that take blood away from the heart? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the purpose of precapillary sphincters? |
|
Definition
| They change the amount of blood flowing into capillary beds |
|
|
Term
| Which of the following is not a mechanism for assisting the veins in returning blood to the heart? |
|
Definition
Valves
Skeletal muscle contractions
Gravity |
|
|
Term
| Which type of circulation extends from the right side of the heart through the lungs and back to the left atrium? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which is the most specific type of circulation that sends oxygen-rich blood to the tissues of the heart? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which type of circulation sends nutrient rich blood from the gastrointestinal tract to the liver? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In what way is the fetal circulation different? |
|
Definition
| The umbilical arteries bring oxygenated blood since the lungs of the fetus are not functioning |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A weak spot in a blood vessel that could potentially burst is known as a(n) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What condition usually develops as a result of congestive heart failure? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which of the following is not a formed element of the blood? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which of the following white blood cells is the largest? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which white blood cell attacks parasitic worms? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What conditions exist during exercise that prompt hemoglobin to drop off its oxygen to the working muscle cells? |
|
Definition
| low PH and high temperature |
|
|
Term
| The threads of a blood clot are formed by |
|
Definition
| fibrin prothrombin activator |
|
|
Term
| Which blood disorder is a cancer of the bone marrow? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A lack of vitamin B12 can cause |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The ventricles are thicker than the atria because they must pump blood farther. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The mitral valve is most prone to prolapse, a condition that is more common in women. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The tricuspid valve is located between the left ventricle and the aorta |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Blood slows down in arterioles due to the large cross-sectional area. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The coronary circulation is actually part of the systemic circulation. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Dietary restrictions, moderate exercise, reducing smoking and drinking, and medications can all control hypertension. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Congestive heart failure is a sudden onset of a weak heart, resulting in rapid deterioration. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Hypertension is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A clot that blocks flow to the brain can lead to stroke. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Hemoglobin is a protein in white blood cells that destroys pathogens like bacteria. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Being type AB means you have both the A and B antigens on your red blood cells. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A menstruating woman could become anemic due to too much blood loss |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Blood leaves the right side of the heart and enters the ____________________ which takes it to the lungs. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| __________________, the first number listed in blood pressure readings, measures the force of the left ventricle contraction. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A(n) __________________ is a graphic representation of the electrical changes during a heartbeat. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| If a person sits for a long time, blood may pool in the lower extremities, causing ________ . |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The systemic circulation begins with the ____ side of the heart. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Death of heart muscle due to lack of oxygen is known as ___________________. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Unsightly and sometimes painful distensions of venous walls is a condition known as _________________. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The function of the respiratory system is |
|
Definition
A) gas exchange
B) maintenance of blood pH
C) sound production |
|
|
Term
| Which of the following belongs to the upper respiratory tract? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The nostrils are also known as |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which structure is part of the conducting zone of the respiratory system? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The epithelium of the upper respiratory tract is |
|
Definition
| pseudostratified ciliated columnar |
|
|
Term
| Which of the following is part of the "Adam's apple"? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The fleshy tab of tissue that hangs down the back of the throat is |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The nasal cavity is divided into right and left sides by the |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Why does a boy's voice change when he goes through puberty? |
|
Definition
| Testosterone makes the vocal cords thicker and longer |
|
|
Term
| Which is not a function of the nasal cavity? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which is the next place air goes after the trachea? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the purpose of cilia in the respiratory tract? |
|
Definition
| Move mucus and debris caught in mucus out of the respiratory tract |
|
|
Term
| The exchange of gases occurs in the |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The serous membrane covering the lungs is |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Pleurisy is painful because of |
|
Definition
| inflammation of the membrane around the lungs |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| pressure increases with decreased volume |
|
|
Term
| Chemoreceptors in the carotid artery and aorta detect |
|
Definition
| levels of oxygen and carbon dioxide |
|
|
Term
| Vital capacity is the amount of air you breathe |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which of the following is the exchange of gases between the blood and the cells of the body? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Most oxygen in the blood is transported |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Most carbon dioxide in the blood is transported |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The pH of the blood is influenced by the concentration of |
|
Definition
| carbon dioxide in the blood |
|
|
Term
| Which disorder is characterized by the destruction of alveolar walls? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is happening during an asthma attack? |
|
Definition
| The smooth muscle of the bronchi contract |
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|
