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| the study of the interactions of an organisms with other organisms and the physical environment |
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| place where an organism lives |
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| a group of individuals of a specific specie living in the same general area |
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| Specified populations interacting with each other |
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| Community interacting with environment |
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| order of ecological levels |
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Definition
| organism, population, community, ecosystem, biosphere |
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| individuals in a population |
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Definition
Rely on the same resources
Are influenced by the same environmental factors
Are likely to interact and breed with one another |
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| interaction between abiotic and biotic factors |
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| the number of individuals of a species per unit area or volume |
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| Pattern of dispersal of individuals within a space of interest |
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| factors that predominantly determine whether a species lives in a habitat |
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| refers to the way individuals are spaced within their area |
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| dispersion patterns can be |
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| Rate of increase increases as the total number of females increases |
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| Maximum population growth that can possibly occur under ideal circumstances |
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| All environmental conditions that prevent populations from achieving biotic potential |
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| having full effect and birthrate is a maximum during exponential growth |
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| track survivorship over the life span of individuals in a population |
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| plot the proportion of individuals alive at each age |
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| most individuals survive past the midpoint of the life span – large mammals |
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| survivorship decreases at a constant rate throughout the life span – eg small mammals |
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| most individuals die very young. Invertebrates, fishes, human in less developed countries |
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| The rate of population increases under ideal conditions |
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This growth model takes into account limiting factors: environmental factors that restrict population growth .. Occurs when environmental resistance retards exponential growth
Growing populations must eventually come under the control of environmental resistance..Population growth slows and ceases as population density increases
Increasing population density results in a decrease in birth rate, an increase in death rate, or both |
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Definition
| may reduce population size before other limiting factors become important |
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| r - Strategists (Opportunistic) |
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Definition
fluctuating and unpredictable environments (rate of natural increase)
Produce large numbers of offspring
Small body size
Early maturity
No parental care
Controlled by density-independent factors
Good dispersers and colonizers |
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| k - Strategists (Equilibrium) |
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Definition
population tends to be near k (carrying capacity)
Produce small numbers of offspring
Large body size
Late maturity
Significant parental care
Controlled by density-dependent factors
Specialists |
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| helps understand resource availability and usage |
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Big ecological footprint
Large ecological deficit |
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