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| Lactobacillus acidophilus |
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| a bacterium that is used to make yogurt and to supplement probiotics. |
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| the relation between two different kinds of organisms in which one receives benefits from the other by causing damage to it |
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| Symbiosis that is beneficial to both organisms involved |
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| A genetic structure in a cell that can replicate independently of the chromosomes, typically a small circular DNA strand in the cytoplas |
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| The temporary union of two bacteria or unicellular organisms for the exchange of genetic material. |
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| Denoting a substance that stimulates the growth of microorganisms, especially those with beneficial properties (such as those of the intestinal flora). |
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| system of communication that governs basic cellular activities and coordinates cell actions. |
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| endocrine cells secrete hormones that are carried by the circulation to distant target cells. |
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| is the response of the brain to unpleasant events for a prolonged period |
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| is experienced in response to an immediate perceived threat |
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| an adrenal-cortex hormone that is active in carbohydrate and protein metabolism. It is released in response to stress |
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| is a polypeptide hormone and neurotransmitter involved in the stress response. |
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| a hormone produced by the anterior pituitary gland that stimulates the adrenal cortex |
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| a kind of body tissue containing stored fat that serves as a source of energy |
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| A network of membranous tubules within the cytoplasm of a eukaryotic cell, continuous with the nuclear membrane. |
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| A complex of vesicles and folded membranes within the cytoplasm of most eukaryotic cells, involved in secretion and intracellular transport |
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| a self-replicating material present in nearly all living organisms as the main constituent of chromosomes. It is the carrier of genetic information |
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| A protein produced by fatty tissue and believed to regulate fat storage in the body |
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| The semipermeable membrane surrounding the cytoplasm of a cell |
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| A specialized cell transmitting nerve impulses |
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| The movement of ions or molecules across a cell membrane into a region of higher concentration, assisted by enzymes and requiring energy |
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| the process by which molecules spread from areas of high to low |
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| The change in electrical potential associated with the passage of an impulse along the membrane of a muscle cell or nerve cell |
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| A compound present in blood platelets and serum that constricts the blood vessels and acts as a neurotransmitter |
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| A junction between two nerve cells, consisting of a minute gap across which impulses pass by diffusion of a neurotransmitter |
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| A chemical substance that is released at the end of a nerve fiber by the arrival of a nerve impulse and, by diffusing across the synapse or junction, causes the transfer of the impulse to another nerve fiber, a muscle fiber, or some other structure |
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| A process by which the contents of a cell vacuole are released to the exterior through fusion of the vacuole membrane with the cell membrane |
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| , is the reabsorption of a neurotransmitter by a neurotransmitter transporter of a pre-synaptic neuron after it has performed its function of transmitting a neural impulse. |
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| An enzyme (present in most tissues) that catalyzes the oxidation and inactivation of neurotransmitters |
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| The characteristic sequence of amino acids forming a protein or polypeptide chain, considered as the most basic element of its structure |
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| A simple organic compound containing both a carboxyl) and an amino group |
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| A substance produced by a living organism that acts as a catalyst to bring about a specific biochemical reaction |
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| A regulatory substance produced in an organism and transported in tissue fluids such as blood or sap to stimulate specific cells or tissues into action |
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| A red protein responsible for transporting oxygen in the blood of vertebrates. |
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| A hormone produced in the pancreas that regulates the amount of glucose in the blood |
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| A threadlike structure of nucleic acids and protein found in the nucleus of most living cells, carrying genetic information in the form of genes |
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| A distinct sequence of nucleotides forming part of a chromosome |
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| A compound consisting of a nucleoside linked to a phosphate group. Nucleotides form the basic structural unit of nucleic acids such as DNA |
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| One of two or more alternative forms of a gene that arise by mutation and are found at the same place on a chromosome |
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| Gel electrophoresis is a technique used for the separation of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), ribonucleic acid (RNA), or protein molecules using an electric field applied to a gel matrix |
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