Term
| A period of mass extinction is often followed by what? |
|
Definition
| Explosive Diversification |
|
|
Term
| Homology is evidence of what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| On what basis are populations assigned to the same biological species? |
|
Definition
| Being able to interbreed and produce fertile offspring. |
|
|
Term
| Which of the following describes allopatric speciation? |
|
Definition
| A population of squirrels is seperated by the Grand Canyon. Through time the two subpopulations evolve into two distinct species. |
|
|
Term
| Biological species consist of groups of what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Most of the temperate grassland in North America has been converted to ...... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The Sahara Desert and the Negev Desert belong to the same....? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The greenhouse effect causes an increase in global temperatures. This increase is primarily due to .... |
|
Definition
| Co2 and other greenhouse gases slowing the escape of heat from Earth. |
|
|
Term
| What is the primary source of energy for nearly all of Earth's ecosystems? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which of the following actions would increase your carbon footprint? |
|
Definition
| Eating more beef and less chicken. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A group of individuals of the same species that occupy the same general area. |
|
|
Term
| In the absence of limiting factors, a population's growth follows a(n) ______ model |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
According to the logistic growth model, what happens to a population when the size of the population reaches carrying capacity? |
|
Definition
| The population stops increasing in size. |
|
|
Term
| What is the term for the maximum population size a habitat can support? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
An unexpected freeze that kills a population of chipmunks is an example of ______? |
|
Definition
| A Density-independent factor |
|
|
Term
Which of these factors operates in a density-dependent manner? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Examples of invasive species include... |
|
Definition
| Cheatgrass and European starlings |
|
|
Term
Introduced species can have important effects on biological communities by ______? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| ...Have an opportunistic life history |
|
|
Term
| In most developing countries ... |
|
Definition
| birth rates are much higher than death rates, so the population is growing rapidly |
|
|
Term
While on the Beagle, Darwin was influenced by a book by Charles Lyell that suggested that Earth was ______ and sculpted by geologic processes that ______ today. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which one of the following can create new alleles? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Natural selection can be defined as...? |
|
Definition
| a process in which organisms with certain inherited traits are more likely to survive and reproduce than other individuals |
|
|
Term
| Natural Selection results in what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Homology is evidence of what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
The similarity of the embryos of fish, frogs, birds, and humans is evidence of ______. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which of the following is a population? |
|
Definition
| The termites infesting your home. |
|
|
Term
All of the alleles of all of the genes within a population make up that population's ______. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Which of the following is the most likely explanation for a particular human population with a higher incidence of polydactyly (extra fingers/toes) than the human population as a whole? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What does Darwinian fitness measure? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which organism is an example of a prokaryote? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Eukaryotes evolved from ...? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Organisms that live in extreme environments such as hot springs are known as what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Eukaryotes are most closely related to which of the following prokaryotic groups? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A species is a group that can mate and produce offspring |
|
|
Term
| In _________ isolation it is physically impossible for two species to mate with each other, often because their genitalia do not fit together properly. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Eastern and western spotted skunks breed at different times of the year. Therefor, they are prevented from interbreeding by __________ isolation. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When does a species officially become seperate? |
|
Definition
| After being physically seperated changes in one or both populations result in development of reproductive isolating mechanisms that prevent interbreeding. |
|
|
Term
| What would be the most direct test of seemingly different species to see what their species status is under the biological species concept. |
|
Definition
| to observe mating and results in the envirnonment. If they do not mate they are different species. |
|
|
Term
| Which location on Earth receives the most solar radiation per unit area? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is true about tropical atmospheric circulation is true? |
|
Definition
| As warm air rises, air at the top of the atmosphere is pushed poleward and cools. |
|
|
Term
| Rain shadows are wet regions on the windward side of the mountain ranges. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Today, scientific consensus holds that CO2 released by human activities promotes global warming. Why haven't U.S. policymakers banned CO2 pollution? |
|
Definition
| CO2 pollution stems from fossil fuel use, a technology that is central to modern economies. Measures to restrict CO2 pollution could entail major economic costs and are stronly opposed by many interests. |
|
|
Term
| Most models predict that continued increases in atmospheric CO2 will cause global temperatures to ________ over the next 100 years. |
|
Definition
| Increase by 2-7 degrees Celsius |
|
|
Term
| Today's atmospheric CO1 concentration is ________. |
|
Definition
| about 35% higher than it was before 1850 |
|
|
Term
| Which best describes how the atmosphere's CO2 content was regulated before the industrial Revolution? |
|
Definition
| CO2 was released by organisms as a byproduct of cellular respiration; a similar amount of CO2 was absorbed by plants and other producers. |
|
|
Term
| What is the main reason that the oceans are becoming more acidic? |
|
Definition
| Absorbtion by the oceans of Carbon Dioxide generated by burning fossil fuels |
|
|
Term
| How much carbon dioxide from the atmosphere is absorbed by the oceans on a daily basis? |
|
Definition
| 20 to 22 million metric tons |
|
|
Term
| How are oyster larvae affected by ocean acidification? |
|
Definition
| Oyster larvae cannot grow shells in acidified ocean waters. |
|
|
Term
| Because of ocean acidification, the price of which of the following foods is most likely to increase? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which of the following are consequences of ocean acidification? |
|
Definition
Clams, mussels, lobsters, and shrimp are not able to form strong enough shells
Corals and coral reefs are not able to form their hard skeletons. |
|
|
Term
| What is the chemical reaction responsible for the oceans becoming more acidic? |
|
Definition
| Carbon Dioxide reacts with seawater, forming carbonic acid |
|
|
Term
| How does a persons large ecological footprint affect Earth's carrying capacity? |
|
Definition
The more resources required to sustain an individual, the lower Earth's carrying capacity will be.
(That is Earth can sustain fewer people if each of those people consumes a large share of available resources.) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
The geographic distribution of species
(It was first suggested to Darwin that today's organisms evolved from ancestral forms.) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A science about the development of an embryo from the fertilization of the ovum to the fetus stage. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A gene carrying structure found in the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell and most visible during mitosis and meiosis. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The two chromosomes that make up a matched pair in a diploid cell. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A unit of inheritance in DNA consisting of a specific nucleotide sequence that programs the amino acid sequence of a polypeptide |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| An alternative version of a gene |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A group of interacting individuals belonging to one species and living in the same geographic area at the same time. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The study of factors that affect population density and growth. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The number of indivduals of a species per unit area volume of a habitat. |
|
|
Term
| Explain the difference between opportunistic and equilibrial: |
|
Definition
| Opportunistic is when a plant or animal can take immediate advantage of good conditions where equilibrial is a slower process of developing and reaching reproductive success. |
|
|
Term
| Explain Exponential vs. Logistic growth models: |
|
Definition
| Exponential is the expansion of a population in ideal environment that produces unlimited growth where as Logistic is what can come after where the growth rate decreases because the population is too large (carry capacity) |
|
|
Term
Integrated Pest Management
IPM |
|
Definition
| Uses a combination of Biological, Chemical, and cultural methods for sustainable control of agricultural pests. |
|
|
Term
| How were Darwin’s ideas influenced by Lyell and Malthus? |
|
Definition
| Malthus argued against feeding the poor because they'd just keep making more babies and eventually starve no matter what was done. |
|
|
Term
| What does the immune response have in common with evolution? |
|
Definition
| In both the immune response and evolution, you begin with preexisting variation. Selection allows a reproductive increase in the numbers of individuals carrying a particular trait. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Ordered sequence of fossils in rock layers |
|
|
Term
| Why are older fossils generally in deeper rock layers than younger ones? |
|
Definition
| sedimentation places younger rock layers on top of older ones. |
|
|
