Term
-___ advantage: listening through two hearing aids instead of one
-___ advantage: advantage of listening with two ears instead of one |
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Definition
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Term
Effects of HL on Localization:
-Poor localization may create feelings of ___
-Poor localization can threaten ___
-Impaired localization also makes listening in ___ more difficult
-Note: Individuals with hearing loss ___ complain about poor localization |
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Definition
| isolation; safety; noise; rarely |
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Term
-Time differences result in ___ ___ differences
-Head shadow effect produces ___ level differences |
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Definition
| interaural phase; interaural |
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Term
| Interaural time differences result in interaural ___ differences; primarily for ___ frequencies |
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Definition
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Term
| Once low-frequency HTLs exceed ___ dB HL, it becomes difficult to localize unaided |
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Definition
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Term
Vertical Localization:
-HAs _____ improve vertical and front-back localization
-based on ___ ___ cues from the pinna |
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Definition
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Term
Head Shadow Effect:
-When speech & noise arrive from different angles/directions, head diffraction causes the SNR to be ___ at one ear than the other |
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Definition
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Term
| Attenuation of sound by the head in a free field, so that a sound approaching from one side of the head will be reduced in magnitude when it reaches the ear on the other side |
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Definition
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Term
| Improvement in speech intelligibility in noise of two ears over one because of inter-aural phase & intensity cues |
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Definition
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Term
Interaural Level difference cues are most valuable for ___
frequencies, above ___ Hz |
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Definition
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Term
BINAURAL SQUELCH:
-Auditory system ___ waveforms at each cochlea & produces an internal ___ representation of signal that has a higher SNR than at either ear
-then uses noise at ear with ___ SNR to partially remove noise at ear with better SNR |
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Definition
| combines; central; poorer |
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Term
| ability to combine info at 2 ears to listen to 1 person talking in middle of others at similar levels |
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Definition
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Term
| Relative enhancement of high-frequency sound due to the acoustic diffraction of low-frequency sound by the auricle & head combining to form a wall or baffle |
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Definition
| Head Baffle Effect/head diffraction effect |
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Term
a shielding partition designed to reduce sound wave
transmission between two points |
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Definition
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Term
scattering or deflection of sound waves as they
encounter edges, openings, or different media |
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Definition
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Term
| Head diffraction effect enhances ___ frequencies |
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Definition
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Term
| head diffraction effects may make speech ___ in one ear & ___ in the other ear |
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Definition
| unintelligible; understandable |
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Term
| advantage from head diffraction (from attending to ear with better SNR) |
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Definition
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Term
Binaural Redundancy:
-presenting same sounds to two ears yields a small ___ in speech understanding compared to listening with one ear
-improves SNR by __-__ dB *if sounds are audible in each ear |
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Definition
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Term
-Wearing a 2nd aid improves speech understanding if speech is made ___ in the previously unaided ear
-Have to obtain speech audibility in ___ ear(s) before listener attends to the ear with the better SNR and then benefits from binaural squelch & binaural redundancy |
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Definition
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Term
| What are some advantages of bilateral fittings? |
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Definition
-Improves speech understanding
-Improved sound quality
-Convenience if one device breaks
-Tinnitus suppression
-May prevent late-onset auditory deprivation |
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Term
Where the ability of the unaided ear to recognize speech may
get worse over time |
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Definition
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Term
| Small increase in WRS in aided ear, over time |
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Definition
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Term
Acclimatization:
-Controversy: Some studies suggest ___ acclimatization,
others suggest it takes place over __-__ weeks
-Mueller & Hall (ADR, 1998) suggest acclimatization is of
minimal concern because the variability on WRS (speech
measures) is often ___ than acclimatization effect |
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Definition
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Term
| loudness of a sound is greater if it is heard in 2 ears instead of one |
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Definition
| Binaural loudness summation |
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Term
| What are some disadvantages of 2 hearing aids? |
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Definition
-Increased cost
-Poorer self image
-Managing two may be more difficult.
-Wind noise
-Occlusion effect
-Binaural interference: some listeners have poorer WRS with two HAs compared to one. |
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Term
| Binaural interference prevalence is estimated to be about __% in the elderly |
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Definition
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Term
Asymmetric HL:
-If have to fit only one ear, fit the ear with thresholds closest to about __ dB HL |
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Definition
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Term
| What are some tests to test for bilateral advantage? |
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Definition
-None for use under headphones prior to fitting
-After fitting: ANL and dichotic tests |
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Term
| Rare, but when a patient/listener has POORER speech understanding ability with TWO hearing aids compared to one |
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Definition
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Term
| The national return-for-credit rate is about ___% |
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Definition
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