Term
| Eukaryotes Shared-derived characteristics |
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Definition
-no prokaryotic cell wall
-cytoskeleton
-membrane-bound nucleus and organelles
-multiple linear chromosomes |
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Term
| Minimum age for eukaryotic origins |
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Definition
| 2.1 billion years (oldest fossil found) |
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Term
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Definition
mitochondria and plastids were formerly small prokaryotes living within larger host cells
-Lynn Margulis |
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Term
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Definition
| chloroplasts and related organelles |
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Term
| Evidence supporting endosymbiotic origin of mitochondria and plastids |
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Definition
-similarities in inner membrane structures and functions
-both have their own circular DNA
-genes in organelles are often closer to genes in bacteria than to nuclear genes of eukaryotes |
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Term
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Definition
cells with photosynthetic plastids
-ex. red and green algae
-they themselves engulfed |
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Term
| Investigators have speculated that eukaryotic flagella and cilia |
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Definition
| evolved from symbiotic bacteria, based on symbiotic relationships between some bacteria and protozoans |
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Term
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Definition
-Paraphyletic group (eukaryotes that are not animals, plants, or fungi)
-most unicellular but multicellularity evolved several times
-nutritionally diverse |
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Term
| Ecological descriptions of Protozoans |
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Definition
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Term
| Ecological descriptions of algae |
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Definition
plant like
-some are both photosynthetic and heterotrophic |
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Term
| Ecological descriptions of plankton |
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Definition
| organisms that drift in water |
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Term
| Ecological descriptions of symbionts |
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Definition
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Term
| Control of tsetse - Zanzibar |
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Definition
-sterile male technique=irradicate male insects, release many, overwhelm population
-successful because it isolated the island; female tsetses mate once, one species of tsetse |
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Term
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Definition
-large group of flagellate protists
-crucial part of phytoplankton
-have internal cellulose plates
-have flagella
-spin
-ex. Red tide caused by Blooms
-ex. Red (rust) caused by carotenoid pigments in plastids |
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Term
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Definition
possess a unique organelle called apicoplast and an apical complex structure involved in penetrating a host's cell
-ex. Plasmodum- the agent of malaria |
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Term
| Cytoplasmic incompatibility |
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Definition
phenomenon that results in sperm and eggs being unable to form viable offspring
-As the reproductive incompatibility is caused by bacteria that reside in the cytoplasm of the host cells, it is referred to as cytoplasmic incompatibility
-ex. wolbachia |
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Term
| Ideas for malaria control |
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Definition
| -use wolbachia (cause of cytoplasmic incompatibility) as a driver to introduce new genes into wild mosquito populations to ultimately weaken mosquitos malaria vector |
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Term
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Definition
| bacteria (phytophera infestans) that caused irish potato famine |
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Term
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Definition
-major component of phytoplankton
-most are unicellular
-have cell walls with silica making them stronger to allow them to resist decomposition
-highly diverse |
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Term
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Definition
-used as an insecticide
-swimming pool filters |
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Term
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Definition
-largest and most complex algae
-all multicellular, most are marine
-often called 'seaweeds'
-have most complex multicellular anatomy of all algae
-complex alteration of generations (diploid spore producing generation
-alternates with haploid gamete-producing generation)
-ex. laminaria |
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Term
| Alternation of Generations |
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Definition
-describes life cycle of plants, fungi, and protists
-alternation of multicellular haploid and diploid forms |
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Term
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Definition
ecosystem engineers
-provides physical substrate and habitat for entire community |
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Term
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Definition
marine plankton
-thread-like pseudopods used to catch other plankton
-shells made of calcium carbonate
-skeletons found in sedimentary rock and sand of some beaches and used as indicators of ancient climate |
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Term
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Definition
form multicellular aggregates
-ex. dictyostelium |
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Term
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Definition
| cells remain separated by their membranes |
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Term
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Definition
well-established experimental model for studying cell differentiation
-studies of cheating in dictystelium indicate that cell-cell communication and differentiation in this system has aspects of both altruistism and selfishness |
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Term
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Definition
| named for their grass-green chloroplasts |
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Term
| Two main groups of Green algae |
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Definition
| chlorophytes and charophyceans |
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Term
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Definition
-marine
-live in fresh water, damp soil, and as symbionts with fungi (lichens)
-unicellular, colonial, and multicellular forms
-ex. Ulva |
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Term
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Definition
| has an isomorphic life cycle |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| monophyletic group and are now split into several kingdoms |
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Term
| There are a wide variety of life cycles among |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| evolved many times and in different forms |
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