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BILD 3 Lecture 03
Origin of Species
22
Biology
Undergraduate 1
10/25/2010

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Term
Origin of Species
Definition
Darwins book that created a scientific revolution
Term
Darwin observed on the Galapagos that
Definition
species change over time and can give rise to new species over time (finches)
Term
Can give rise to new species/adaptations
Definition
Natural selection
-process by which heritable variations that increase fitness become more prevalent in successive generations
-differential success in reproduction
Term
Variation must be
Definition
heritable
Term
Descent with modification
Definition
the best adapted individuals pass on their characteristics to the next generation
Term
occurs in small steps, gradual and has no goal
Definition
evolution
Term
Missing Links
Definition
series of intermediate types of plants/animals that fill the fossil record
Term
Genetic polymorphisms
Definition
different alleles of genes in populations
Term
Phenotypic polymorphism
Definition
visible genetic variation
Term
Reznick and Endler
Definition
Natural selection experiment
-guppies: killifish prey on small guppies thus guppies are larger at maturity.
-pike-cichild preys on large guppies, so guppies are smaller at maturity
-when guppies from pick-cichild pool were put into the killifish pool, the age/size increased
Term
Carolus Linnaeus
Definition
founder of taxonomy
Term
Lamarck's theory of Evolution
Definition
theory of inheritance of acquired characteristics
-mechanisms he proposed are unsupported by evidence
Term
Georges Cuvier
Definition
developed paleontology, study of fossils
-noted that more recent strata contained organisms more similar to the ones living today
-opposed idea of gradual evolutionary change and instead advocated catastrophism
Term
Malthus
Definition
unchecked population growth leads to an exhaustion of resources, so only the best-adapted survive
-resources grow arithmetically, populations grow exponentially with populations ultimately outstripping their resources
Term
Hutton
Definition
gradualism
Term
Gradualism
Definition
profound change can take place through cumulative effect of slow but continuous processes
Term
Lyell
Definition
uniformitarianism
Term
uniformitarianism
Definition
same geographical processes are operating today as in the past
Term
reproductive success of an individual
Definition
fitness
Term
adaptation
Definition
a heritable change that becomes common or pervasive in a population or species because it increases fitness
Term
observations and deductive reasoning for evolution
Definition
1. for any species, population sizes would increase exponentially if all individuals born reproduced successfully
2. populations tend to be stable in size
3.resources are limited
4.members of a population vary extensively in their characteristics
5. much of this variation is heritable
Term
Homology
Definition
similarity resulting from common ancestry
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