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Definition
| members of a species have the capacity to produce large numbers of offspring. More offspring produced than can be supported by limited environmental resources |
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Definition
| members of the same species exhibit variable phenotypic traits, nd some of this variation is heritable |
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Definition
| members of the same species must compete for limited environmental resources. |
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Term
| differential reproduction |
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Definition
| survival and reproduction are not random: those with environmentally favorable traits leave more offspring. Said to be naturally selected |
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Definition
| adaptive value of a particular species' phenotype (and genotype if the phenotype is genetically controlled) |
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Definition
| a measure of selective pressure against a particular phenotype, relative to the others in the population. Calculated as 1-W. |
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Definition
| general term for any grouping of organisms |
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Definition
| taxa are described only by their name, rank is tacitly understood. This is done to avoid confusion caused by constant change and updating. |
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Definition
| a taxonomic key that branches into two at each stage |
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Definition
| reflect true evolutionary relationships by including all descendants of a single common ancestor |
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Definition
| an artificial taxon which does not include all descendants of a common ancestor |
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Definition
| one which consists of organisms that have descended from more than one ancestor |
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Definition
| similarity to common ancestry |
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Definition
| characters that have evolved form and function from disparate ancestral sources |
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Definition
| describes the acquisition of the same biological trait in unrelated lineages. |
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Definition
| based on physical traits and the branches indicate degrees of similarity |
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Term
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Definition
| cladistic analysis usually summarizes as a branching diagram which is an explicit hypothesis of evolutionary relationships |
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Definition
| rule that states that when two or more competing hypothesis are equally consistent with the data, we usually accept the most simplistic one |
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Term
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Definition
| two samples are independent |
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Term
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Definition
| use this if the two samples being compared are related or have been determined to be paired |
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Term
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Definition
| use this if you don't expect the population being sampled to be normally distributed for the trait |
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Definition
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Term
| biodiversity between lake and pond |
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Definition
| replicates are independent samples from the lake and pond |
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Term
| comparing biodiversity between all lakes and ponds |
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Definition
| replicates are ponds and lakes themselves |
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Term
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Definition
| controls are replicates; treating interdependent data as independent in statistical analysis |
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Term
| 4 tenets of Darwin's theory of natural selection |
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Definition
overproduction
variation
competition
differential reproduction |
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