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| Deals with issues relating to source, date, authorship, culture, literary style, etc. |
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| Synonymous with textual criticism..recovering the original text |
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| A "family" of manuscripts which share similar characteristics, ostensibly "geographical" in origin: Alexandrian, Western, Caesarean, and Byzantine |
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| Pointed text of the Masorete scribes dating about 10th Cent. A.D. |
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| Dried hide (bovine, goat, sheep, gazelle) used as a writing surface and cut into leaves for a codex or rolls for a scroll. |
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| Latin translation of the Bible translated by Jerome. |
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| Hand written text (ussually refers to ancient copies of scriptures) |
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| Greek NT manuscript in all UPPER CASE script, dating later |
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| Sheets of a manuscript stitched into book form |
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| Scrolls found in Qumran in 1948 which contain scripture and other documents, narrowing the gap between the writing and our earliest MSS by 1000 years, confirming the accuracy of transmission |
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| Greek translation of the Hebrew OT |
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| Greek NT Manuscript in all lower case (cursive) script, dating |
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| Origen did the work to priduce the Hexapla; a six translation edition of the OT with Hebrew Text and the LXX text plus four translations to improve the LXX to read as close as possible to the Hebrew |
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| A "reading" of a particular text which differs from the reading of the same passage in a different manuscript. |
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| Material of early NT MSS, made from papyri reeds, used before parchment |
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| The "notes" at the bottom of a Greek or Hebrew text showing alternate readings and the MSS supporting each variant. |
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| Textual Criticism, Criteria (from Bruce Metzger) |
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Definition
I. External Evidence
II. Internal Evidence |
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4
A. The date and character of the witnesses.
B. The geographical distribution of the witnesses.
C. The genealogical relationship of texts and families of witnesses.
D. Witnesses are to be weighed rather than counted. |
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Definition
Transcriptional (4 2ab 4abc for scribes)
and Intrinsic Probablities (depends what author most likely have written; 2 G's 3(in General,Gospels)) |
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| Transcriptional Probabilities |
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Definition
In general preferred reading..
1. More Difficult
2. Shorter
(2 excpetions: A. Parablepsis--where eye of copyist may have inadvertently passed from one word to another having a similar sequence of letters
B. Scribe may have been omitted material which he deemed to be (i)superfluous, (ii)harsh, or (iii) contrary to pious belief, liturgical usage, or ascetical practice)
3. Involves Verbal Dissidence (due to tendancy to harmonize, e.g., the Gospels)
4.Scribes would sometimes
a. Replace an unfamiliar word with a more familiar synonym; or
b. Alter a less refined grammatical form or less elegant lexical expression in accord with contemporary Atticizing preferences or;
c. add pronouns, conjuctions, and expletives to make a smoother text. |
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Definition
depend upon considerations of what the author was more likely to have written.
1. In general:
a. The style and vocabulary of the author throughout the book;
b. The Immediate Context; and
c. Harmony with the Usage of the Author Elswhere; and
2. In the Gospels:
a. The Aramaic background of the teaching of Jesus;
b. The Priority of the Gospel according to Mark; and
c. The influence of the Christian community upon the formulation and transmission of the passage in question |
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