Term
| reason for basic bible interpretation's publishing |
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Definition
| "to provide general survey of how the bible we use came to be in its present form" |
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Definition
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Term
| wegners position on the importance of the bible |
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Definition
"it is Gods revelation and is intended to change lives"
"he intended us to live our lives by this book, and many people dedicated themselves to the preservation of its sacred text" |
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Term
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Definition
| God had to take his infinite knowledge and distill the essentials of it into the linear medium of speech: words in a line that make up phrases, clauses, sentences. |
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Term
| communication among the members of the trinity is |
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Definition
| a sequencial process, requiring a symbol set delivered ina line |
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Term
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Definition
| Gods ability to only speak truth |
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Term
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Definition
| communicable attributes- both he and we can be characterized by it |
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Term
| because truth is part of his character, it is reflected in his |
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Definition
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Term
| what does truth deal with? |
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Definition
| not mere words in isolation- but truth claims to pertain to propositions, sentences, clauses, subjects, and predicates |
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Term
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Definition
| sentences are true if what they assert about the world matches what we find in the world. (correspondence theory) |
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Term
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Definition
| what you know, data, facts, ideas, |
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Term
| knowledge must be based on |
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Definition
| something, a foundation, either Gods revelation, independently verifiable experience, or experimental research and or the normal rules of logic and reason |
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Term
| (philosophically) all knowledge is |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| sanctify them in truth, thy word is truth - john 17:17 |
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Term
| communication is based on character: |
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Definition
| God is a sanctifying God, he uses truth to sanctify people, Gods worth is that truth which God uses to sanctify people |
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Term
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Definition
| supernatural influence of the holy spirit upon the scripture writers which rendered their writings an accurate record of the revelation or which resulted in what they wrote actually being the word of God. |
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Term
| Humans are hardwired for speech, therfore |
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Definition
| God chose to communicate his will to us in a medium we can understand and according to his own character |
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Term
| humans are hardwired for speech... |
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Definition
| language, communication, grammar- he chose to communicate his will to us in this fashion, words, sentences, language, grammar, speech, communication |
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Term
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Definition
| influence of the Holy Spirit upon the Scripture writers which rendered their writings an accurate record of the revelation or which resulted in what they wrote actually being the word of God |
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Term
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Definition
| the christian church has believed through centureies that the Bible was produced of God. it is Gods word |
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Term
inspiration....
such an influence of the |
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Definition
| Holy ghost as to be also the words of God |
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Term
Old Testament Claims for Inspiration
-Dt. 18:18-20 |
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Definition
| the lord your god will raise up for you a prophet like me from among you, from your countreymen , you shall listen to him |
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Term
Old Testament Claims for Inspiration
- God is often said to speak through...
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Definition
| the prophet- 1 Kings 16:34 |
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Term
| what the prophet says in Gods name... |
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Definition
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Term
| true prophet went through a.... |
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Definition
| vetting process- God approved, people recognized |
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Term
| there is accountability for disobedience... |
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Definition
| equivalent to directly disobeying God |
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Term
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Definition
| commensurate consequences |
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Term
| in addition- the word of God and the Words of God are not supposed to... |
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Definition
| change. it may be compared to his character |
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Term
| because it is the word of God, nothing is to be... |
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Definition
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Term
New Testament Claims for Inspiration
- most claims in NT pertain to scriptures that...
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Definition
| already existed, what we call the OT |
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Term
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Definition
| when God makes truth known to man- spoken or writte |
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Term
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Definition
| divinely powerful quality of that communicating of the truth |
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Term
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Definition
| the writing fown of the truth that has been revealed |
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Term
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Definition
| Gods work in the believer when he helps us acquire, grasp, and understand the truth that was inscripturated |
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Term
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Definition
| scripture in the original manuscripts does not affirm anything that is contrary to fact |
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Term
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Definition
| what is affirmed or asserted rather than what is merely reported |
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Term
| we must judge truthfulness of scriptre in terms of what the statements meant in the... |
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Definition
| cultural setting in which they were expressed |
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Term
| reports of historical events and scientific matters are... |
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Definition
| phenomenal rather than technical language |
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Term
| difficulties in explaining the biblical text should not be prejudged as.. |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| all words in scripture are Gods words din such a way that to disbelieve or disobey any word of scripture is to disbelieve or disobey God. |
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Term
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Definition
| reduced to asset of symbols that can be written |
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Term
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Definition
| true and truthful, he is a God of truth, he knows the truth and only asks the truth |
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Term
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Definition
| trust in thy word, all they commandments are truth |
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Term
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Definition
| serve him in sincerity and truth |
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Term
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Definition
| based upon something, justified, data that is true |
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Term
| dont read scriptures critically...read information... |
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Definition
| about the scriptures critically |
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Term
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Definition
| all scripture is inspired by God and profitable for teaching, for reproof, for correction, for training in righteousness, that the man of God may be adequate, equipped for every good work |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
scriptures are inspired, present tense.
authors were inspired... |
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Definition
| paste tense. and are dead |
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Term
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Definition
| living and active, sharper than any two edged sword, and piercing as far as the division of soul and spirit, of both joints and marrow, and able to judge the thoughts and intentions of the mind |
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Term
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Definition
| the spirit takes scripture and makes it alive |
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Term
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Definition
| the autographs- or original manuscripts are inspired scriptural claim for inspiration in general, this means, all of the forms are inspired |
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Term
| the most important part in the syntactical construction... |
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Definition
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Term
| ramifications for reading, translation, and interpretation |
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Definition
| 1. should be done with reverence due to God, 2. should be done with respect for truth. 3. should be done with regard for the form of the text and the form of the words |
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Term
| what does the doctrine of verbal plenary of inspiration in the autographs do to our regard for english bibles? |
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Definition
| doctrine pertains to original document, the closer the translation is the original language, the higher level of reliability, trustworthiness, reliability |
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Term
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Definition
| every word of God is tested, he is a shield to those who take refuge in him and who do not add to his word lest he reprove you and be proved a liar- proverbs 30:5 |
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Term
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Definition
| and we have something more sure- the prophetic word, to which you will do well to pay attention to as a lamp shining in a dark place, until the day dawns and the morning star rises in your hearts, knowing this first of all, that no prophecy of scriptures comes from someones own interpretation. for no prophecy was every produced by the will of man, by men spoke from God as they were carried along by the Holy Spirit |
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Term
| ENGLISH BIBLE: how many prophet books? |
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Definition
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Term
| ENGLISH BIBLES- how many books of law? |
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Definition
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Term
| ENGLISH BIBLE: how many history books? |
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Definition
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Term
| ENGLISH BIBLE: how many books of poetry/wisdom? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Genesis
Exodus
Leviticus
Numbers
Deuteronomy
Joshua
Judges
Ruth
1 Samuel
2 Samuel
1 Kings
2 Kings
1 Chronicles
2 Chronicles
Ezra
Nehemiah
Esther
Job
Psalms
Proverbs
Ecclesiastes
The Song of Solomon
Isaiah
Jeremiah
Lamentations
Ezekiel
Daniel
Hosea
Joel
Amos
Obadiah
Jonah
Micah
Nahum
Habakkuk
Zephaniah
Haggai
Zechariah
Malachi |
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Term
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Definition
Matthew
Mark
Luke
John
Acts
Romans
1 Corinthians
2 Corinthians
Galatians
Ephesians
Philippians
Colossians
1 Thessalonians
2 Thessalonians
1 Timothy
2 Timothy
Titus
Philemon
Heberews
James
1 Peter
2 Peter
1 John
2 John
3 John
Jude
Revelation |
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Term
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Definition
| comes from biblion(latin)- book, derivation of word byblos- one of the names for papyrus. books- collection of books. |
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Term
| ENGLISH BIBLE: how many gospels? |
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Definition
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Term
| ENGLISH BIBLE: how many history NT? |
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Definition
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Term
| ENGLISH BIBLE: how many letters NT? |
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Definition
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Term
| ENGLISH BIBLE: how many apocalypse NT? |
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Definition
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Term
| What does the word testament mean? |
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Definition
| an act by which a person determines the deposition of his property after his death. not correct. better to think covenant. |
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Term
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Definition
| acrostic for torah(law), nebiim(prophets) kathubim(writing). the three sections of the OT |
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Term
| What are two differences between Chronicles and Samuel/Kings |
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Definition
Samuel and Kings are collectively call the Books of Kingdoms in the Septuagint
I.e. 1-2 Sam. + 1-2 Kings = 1-4 Kingdoms |
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Term
| What were 5 questions/principles in determining canonicity? |
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Definition
authoritative?
prophetic?
authentic?
dynamic?
received? |
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Term
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Definition
| is the Greek translation of the Hebrew Bible |
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Term
| Where does Ruth go in the Bible in Jewish tradition? and where in other traditions? and why? |
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Definition
Jewish Tradition: Ruth goes in the “Writing” under the “Five Scrolls” (Megillot)
Septuagint, Vulgate, English: All have Ruth #3 in History |
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Term
| Name two books from the apocrypha? |
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Definition
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Term
| Name two books from the pseudepigrapha |
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Definition
| gospel of thomas, gospel of peter |
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Term
| BECKWITH- evidences for order. what does ben sirach say? |
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Definition
- Didn’t believe that a perfect translation of Hebrew to Greek could be possible.
- The doctrine is surprisingly traditional
- He is a firm believer in the justice of divine retribution.
- There is no intimation of a future life with God in the Hebrew text; rather, all go to Sheol
- stress on the lessons of experience and on the “fear of the Lord |
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Term
| BECKWITH- evidences for order. what does luke 24:44 say? |
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Definition
Luke 24:44
- 44 He said to them, “This is what I told you while I was still with you: Everything must be fulfilled that is written about me in the Law of Moses, the Prophets and the Psalms. |
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Term
| BECKWITH- evidences for order. what does Talmud/Tosephta say? |
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Definition
Introduction to ben-Sirach
Evidence from the Gospels
Evidence from the Talmud
Jesus and History
Philo |
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Term
| BECKWITH- evidences for order. - What is Jesus' statement of history? |
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Definition
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Term
| BECKWITH- evidences for order.what does philo's quote indicate? |
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Definition
“The Laws, and the Oracles given by inspiration through the Prophets, and the Psalms, and the other books whereby knowledge and piety are increased and completed” (VC 25).
By this is would appear that Philo understood that the canon was divided into three parts roughly corresponding to the tri-partite groupings and order(s) now current within Judaism. However by the Fourth Century A.D. things were radically different. |
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Term
| most treatments for the canon have.... |
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Definition
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Term
| the shape of the canon shifts from Jewish to work the version we have, without losing any of the |
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Definition
| original books. theyre just divided differently |
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Term
| When was the apocrypha slowly beginning to be on its way out of canon? |
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Definition
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Term
| who begins to reject the apocrypha? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Tosephta: “Law, Prophets and the Fifths.”
Sometime the (five books of the) Psalms are referred to as the “Fifths.”
Sometime the Five Megilloth (scrolls) are referred to as the “Fifths.”
(Song of Solomon, Ruth, Lamentations, Ecclesiastes & Esther)
Regardless, it seems to be in the Holy Writings: its reference is to the festival at which each was to be written:
1. The Song of Songs - On the Feast of the Passover.
2. Ruth - On the Feast of Pentecost.
3. Lamentations - On the Fast of the ninth of Abib.
4. Ecclesiastes - On the Feast of Tabernacles.
5. Esther - On the Feast of Purim. |
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Term
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Definition
| deals with issues relating to source, date, authorship, culture, literary style, etc |
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Term
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Definition
| same as textual criticism, recorvering the original text |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| a family of manuscripts which share similar fact |
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Term
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Definition
| the date and character of the witness |
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Term
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Definition
clay ostraca
stone
papyrus
parchment/vellum
lead/copper
WRITTEN WITH iron stylus or quil/reed pen and ink |
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Term
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Definition
preparation:someone writing by hand
preservation- accidents, fires, vandalism, rodents, rotting |
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Term
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Definition
| documents written by hand |
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Term
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Definition
patristic citations
lectionaries |
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Term
| documents written by hand |
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Definition
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Term
| the date and character of the witness |
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Definition
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Term
| patristic citations and lectionaries |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
the date and character of the witnesses
The geographical distribution of the witnesses
The genealogical relationship of texts and families of witnesses
Witnesses are to be weighed rather than counted |
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Term
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Definition
ranscriptional Probabilities
In general, The More Difficult reading is to be preferred
In general, the Shorter Reading is to be preferred
a) Exception Parablepsis (…where the eye of the copyist may have inadvertently passed from one word to another having a similar sequence of letters)
b) Exception: Scribe may have omitted material which he deemed to be (i) superfluous, (ii) harsh, or (iii) contrary to pious belief; liturgical usage, or ascetical practice.
In general, the reading which involves Verbal Dissidence is usually to be preferred (due to the tendency to harmonize, e.g. the Gospels). |
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Term
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Definition
a) Replace an unfamiliar word with a more familiar synonym; or
b) Alter a less refined grammatical form or less elegant lexical expression in accord with contemporary Atticizing preference; or
c) Add pronouns, conjunctions, and expletives to make a smoother text.
Intrinsic Probabilities depend upon consideration of what the author was more likely to have written |
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Term
| seven canons of textual criticism |
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Definition
he older reading is to be preferred.
The more difficult reading (lectio difficilior) is to be preferred.
The shorter reading is to be preferred.
The reading which best explains all the variants is to be preferred.
The reading with the widest geographical support is to be preferred.
The reading which most conforms to the style and diction of the author is to be preferred.
The reading which reflects no doctrinal bias is to be preferred. |
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Term
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Definition
Where MT and the other witnesses offer the same text and it is an intelligible and sensible reading, it is inadmissible to reject this reading and resort to conjecture.
Where there is a genuine deviation from the MT on the part of the other witnesses and bother reading seem equally sensible, then the preference should normally be given to the MT
Where the text of MT is doubtful or impossible because of factors of language or sense-in-context, and where at the same time other witnesses offer a satisfactory reading, then the latter should be given favorable consideration.
Where neither the MT nor the other witnesses offer a possible or probably text, conjecture may legitimately be resorted to.
In all textual-critical work, due regard must be given to the psychology of the scribe himself. |
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Term
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Definition
| wheere the eye of the copyest may have inadvertently passed from one word to another having a similar sequence of letters |
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Term
| exception the scribe may have omitted material which he deemed to be: |
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Definition
| superfluous, harsh, or contrary to pious belief;liturgical usage, or ascetical practice |
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Term
| in general, which reading is to be preferred? |
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Definition
| the more difficult and shorter |
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Term
| the more _________ reading is to be preferred |
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Definition
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Term
| the shorter or longer reading is to be preferred? |
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Definition
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Term
| the reading with the widest __________ is to be preferred. |
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Definition
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Term
| the reading which best explains ____________ is to be preferred. |
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Definition
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Term
| the reading which most conforms to the _____________ of the author is to be preferred. |
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Definition
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Term
| the reading which reflects no doctrinal ___________ is to be preferred |
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Definition
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Term
| what are two differences between chronicles and samule/kings? |
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Definition
| chronicles documents david more |
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Term
| do all of the apocryphal books have some type of innacuracies in them? |
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Definition
No, 11 out of 15 have contradictions or inaccuracies.
- The ones that don’t
Prayer of Azariah
Song of the Three Young Men
Prayer of Manasseh |
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Term
| what are the arguments commonly advanced for accepting the apocrypha? |
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Definition
1) NT never cites any apocryphal books as inspired.
2) None of the apocryphal books claim to be the word of the Lord
3) OT canon is confirmed by many sources
2 Esdras
Josephus
Melito
Jerusalem List
Origen
4) There is little evidence to suggest that two different canons originated in Palestine and in Egypt. Philo, never quotes an apocryphal book as authoritative.
5) There are significant historical inaccuracies in the Apocrypha.
Events in the book of Tobit
i. Claimed to be at 722 and at 931
6) There are theological inconsistencies
2 Macc. 12 says to pray for the dead, contradicts Heb. that eternal destiny can only be made before death
7) Many early church fathers spoke against the canonicity of much or all of the Apocrypha
8) The earliest list of the OT canon by Melito (c.170) does not include the Apocrypha
9) Jerome argued against the canonicity of the Apocrypha
10) During the Council of Trent, Martin Luther argued against the canonicity of the Book of Macc. citing the N |
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Term
| is there good evidence that none of the apocryphal or pseudopigraphal works were included in the OT hebrew canon used by jews and early christians? |
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Definition
| Yes, there is no evidence that these books were ever accepted by Alexandrian Jews to form an Alexandrian canon. These books probably originated from Jewish traditions and folklore possibly to fill the desire for further revelatory material that had ceased. |
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Term
| do all of the apocryphal books have some type of inaccuracies in them? |
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Definition
No, 11 out of 15 have contradictions or inaccuracies.
- The ones that don’t
Prayer of Azariah
Song of the Three Young Men
Prayer of Manasseh |
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Term
| what are the reasons given as to why the roman catholic church considers the wider alexandrian list of books to be canonical? |
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Definition
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Term
| what are the ten arguments set forth in the list in the readings for the rejection of the canonicity of the apocrypha |
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Definition
1) NT never cites any apocryphal books as inspired.
2) None of the apocryphal books claim to be the word of the Lord
3) OT canon is confirmed by many sources
2 Esdras
Josephus
Melito
Jerusalem List
Origen
4) There is little evidence to suggest that two different canons originated in Palestine and in Egypt. Philo, never quotes an apocryphal book as authoritative.
5) There are significant historical inaccuracies in the Apocrypha.
Events in the book of Tobit
i. Claimed to be at 722 and at 931
6) There are theological inconsistencies
2 Macc. 12 says to pray for the dead, contradicts Heb. that eternal destiny can only be made before death
7) Many early church fathers spoke against the canonicity of much or all of the Apocrypha
8) The earliest list of the OT canon by Melito (c.170) does not include the Apocrypha
9) Jerome argued against the canonicity of the Apocrypha
10) During the Council of Trent, Martin Luther argued against the canonicity of the Book of Macc. citing the NT |
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Term
| were any copies of pseudipigriphal writings uncovered in the caves of qumran? |
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Definition
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Term
| what are some good reasons given in the text as why to study the pseudepigrapha? |
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Definition
1) For the information they furnish concerning the social dimension of early Judaism.
2) It shows how important the OT was to the Jews
3) They are helpful in showing how doctrines developed in relationship to the NT |
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Term
| is the issue of NT canonicity more difficult to determine than OT canonicity? |
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Definition
| yes there is less definitive evidence |
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Term
| how were the events and teachings of christ transmitted for the first 30 years of the church age? |
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Definition
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Term
| why should we trust the oral accounts of the events of christs life? |
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Definition
1) Jesus’ life would have been taken on fixed forms in the telling; any embellishments or mistakes would have been easily detected by listeners.
2) It seems unlikely that the disciples and early Christians would have falsified accounts of Jesus’ life and teachings when eyewitnesses were still alive to dispute those accounts
3) All the disciples were martyred for their faith, something that seems unlikely if it were based on accounts that they themselves had falsified or fictionalized
4) Extra biblical record support scriptural accounts of Jesus’ life and teachings
Tacitus Annals (115 to 117): “Christus, the founder of the name, had undergone the death penalty in the reign of Tiberius, by sentence of the procurator Pontius Pilatus.
Josephus
Babylonian Talmud (a collection of Jewish oral traditions)
5) Biblical accounts include negative elements concerning the disciples, paul and the churches. If these were fabricated, they would not have included unfavorable details about the early church. |
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Term
| when was all of the NT written by? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| when were many of the NT books probably collected into some form of canon? |
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Definition
Probably before the mid-second century
- Clement of Rome (60-100)
- Ignatius (60-117)
- Polycarp (69-155)
- Justin Martyr (100-165)
- Marcion (140)
- Irenaeus (180)
- Many more … |
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Term
| how long was there uncertainty regarding mainly the general epistles? |
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Definition
| Well into the 4th century |
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Term
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Definition
Tosephta: “Law, Prophets and the Fifths.”
Sometime the (five books of the) Psalms are referred to as the “Fifths.”
Sometime the Five Megilloth (scrolls) are referred to as the “Fifths.”
(Song of Solomon, Ruth, Lamentations, Ecclesiastes & Esther)
Regardless, it seems to be in the Holy Writings: its reference is to the festival at which each was to be written:
1. The Song of Songs - On the Feast of the Passover.
2. Ruth - On the Feast of Pentecost.
3. Lamentations - On the Fast of the ninth of Abib.
4. Ecclesiastes - On the Feast of Tabernacles.
5. Esther - On the Feast of Purim. |
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Term
| OT canon was probably completed about |
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Definition
|
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Term
| when was the council of jamnia? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| the earliest NT MSS was when? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| when was the NT canon substantially recognized? |
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Definition
|
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Apocrypha formally canonized |
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Definition
|
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Term
| what role does josephus play in the discussion on the issue of canonicity? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| what are the primary differences between the issues of canonicity of the New Testament |
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Definition
Authoritative
Prophetic
Authentic
Dynamic
Received |
|
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Term
| what are the 5 principles in determining canonicity? |
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Definition
| authoritative, prophetic, authentic, dynamic, received |
|
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Term
| what are some differences in the Old Testament canons from jewish tradition, septuagint greek? latin? eastern orthodox greek? |
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Definition
Jewish tradition puts most of our “history” section in their “Prophets” section.
We put Lamentations in “Prophets” while the Hebrews do not.
We put Job #1 in our Poetry while the Septuagint puts him at #5
We and the Latin Vulgate are the same.
Orthodox puts all those Apocryphal books in. |
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Term
| how did our protestant ot canon come to include 39 books while the hebrew ot canon only included 24? |
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Definition
Yes... the kings and samuels are combined, making fewer
The minor prophets were also combined into one scroll.
Same books. All the first and seconds were combined. |
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Term
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Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
Ascension of Moses
Jubilees |
|
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Term
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Definition
- Didn’t believe that a perfect translation of Hebrew to Greek could be possible.
- The doctrine is surprisingly traditional
- Considers biblical works as Scripture (p.103)
- There is no intimation of a future life with God in the Hebrew text; rather, all go to Sheol
- stress on the lessons of experience and on the “fear of the Lord |
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Term
|
Definition
| He said to them, “This is what I told you while I was still with you: Everything must be fulfilled that is written about me in the Law of Moses, the Prophets and the Psalms |
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Term
| jesus statement of history |
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Definition
"You serpents, you brood of vipers, how shall you escape the sentence of hell? "Therefore, behold, I am sending you prophets and wise men and scribes; some of them you will kill and crucify, and some of them you will scourge in your synagogues, and persecute from city to city, that upon you may fall the guilt of all the righteous blood shed on earth, from the blood of righteous Abel to the blood of Zechariah, the son of Berechiah, whom you murdered between the temple and the altar. "Truly I say to you, all these things shall come upon this generation. (Mt. 23:33-36 NASB)
“. . . in all probability implies that for Jesus and his hearers the canon began with Genesis and ended with Chronicles, seeing that the murder of Abel is recorded near the beginning of the former book (Gen. 4.3-15) and the murder of Zechariah near the end of the latter book (2 Chron. 24. 19-22) |
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Term
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Definition
“The Laws, and the Oracles given by inspiration through the Prophets, and the Psalms, and the other books whereby knowledge and piety are increased and completed” (VC 25).
By this is would appear that Philo understood that the canon was divided into three parts roughly corresponding to the tri-partite groupings and order(s) now current within Judaism. However by the Fourth Century A.D. things were radically different. |
|
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Term
| what general movement is seen in the canon among different historians |
|
Definition
most treatments have the same books, shape of the canon gradually shifts from TANAK to form what we have now without losing any original books.
throughout the first four centuries of church history, the order of books begins to solodify and there is movement to reject the apocrypha and pseudopigripha |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
| what does less definitive evidence mean? |
|
Definition
there was a lot more NT material to evaluate
there were more christian people evaluating it
ot material had, by the time of christianity- crystalized and was more uniform
the nt material went through a brief period of oral transmission
there was much less uniformity of faith with the christians than with the jews
early on there were several fully developed traditions
the process of copying, collecting, and collating the books was longer
the jews never seemed to have as much trouble weeding our spurious works |
|
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Term
| muratorian fragment canon--NT ONLY ca 180-200- |
|
Definition
Mentions Jude and 1 and 2 John but does not mention James, 1 and 2 Peter or Hebrews
- Mentions Wisdom of Solomon and Apocalypse of Peter |
|
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Term
|
Definition
- Formed a list held universally
4 Gospels
Acts
Paul’s 13 Epistles
1 Peter
2 Peter
2 and 3 John (he questions)
James
Jude
Didache (Noncanonical)
Epistle of Barnabas (Noncanonical)
Shepherd of Hermas (Noncanonical)
1 Clement (Noncanonical)
Acts of Paul (Noncanonical) |
|
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Term
| eusebius 325 ecclesiastical NT only |
|
Definition
Includes all but:
James
Jude
2 Peter
2 and 3 John |
|
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Term
| athanasius367 festal letter 29 both OT and NT |
|
Definition
- First to include all 27 books of the NT in his canon
Enumerated them in a Easter letter to his Parishioners in 367 |
|
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Term
| jerome ca 394-391 epistle 53 OT AND NT |
|
Definition
Matthew
- Mark
- Luke
- John
Paul writes to seven churches
Hebrews
- Timothy
- Titus
- Philemon
- The Acts of the Apostles
- James
- Peter
- John, and Jude seven epistles
- The apocalypse of John |
|
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Term
| who was the first to use the term apocryphal? for the books now commonly labeled so? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are the apocryphal books that dont have inaccuracies? |
|
Definition
Prayer of Azariah
Song of the Three Young Men
Prayer of Manasseh |
|
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Term
| where does jewish tradition put our history section? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| we put lamentations in prophets, while the ___________ do not. |
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Definition
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Term
| we put job #1 in our poetry while the septuagint puts him at |
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Definition
|
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Term
| we and the latin vulgate are the |
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Definition
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Term
| orthodox puts all those apocryphal books |
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Definition
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Term
| who didnt believe that a perfect translation from hebrew to greek was possible? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
“…that we do not possess myriads if inconsistent books, conflicting with each other…”
- Describes the care taken in the preservation of the NT texts (90-100) (p.103)
“But that our forefathers took no less, not to say even greater, care that the nations I have mentioned in the keeping of their records - a task which they assigned to their chief priests and prophets and that down to our own times these records have been, and…will continue to be, preserved with scrupulous accuracy…
- Did not hold the Apocrypha to be inspired (p.116)
- In determining OT canonicity…(p.117)
“… and that there is no discrepancy in what is written…the prophets alone had this privilege…through the inspiration which they owed to God….practical proof of our reverence for our own Scriptures. For, although such long ages have now passed, no one has ventured either to add, or remove, or to alter a syllable; and it is an instinct with every Jew, from the day of his birth, to regard them as the decrees of God, to abide by them, and, if need be, cheerfully to die for them…
- In speaking about Jesus and the early church… (p.133)
Confirms the existence of Christ
Confirms Christ’s crucifixion and the explosion of the early church |
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Term
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Definition
| highest number of witnesses, byzantine |
|
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Term
| approx. how many years was the erasmus; greek text based upon? |
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Definition
|
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Term
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Definition
| eclectic text that prefers the alexandrian caesarain western and byzantine tradition |
|
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Term
| what was the character of the eramus MSS? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| which bible was authorized? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| was the geneva authorized or more popular? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| what advances were made between wycliffes translation and tyndales translation? |
|
Definition
| from greek and hebrew not latin , printed not manuscripted, in modern english rather than middle english |
|
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Term
| what was it about the geneva bible that offended the leadership? |
|
Definition
| footnotes were calvanistic and anti roman catholic, separated the apocrypha and its negative toward the pope |
|
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Term
| when was the kjv first published? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| what anniversary is this for the kjv? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| what is it called the authorized version? |
|
Definition
| because of the reputation of the translators and the kings influence |
|
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Term
| what translation techniques used for KJV |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| what translation techniques used for NASB |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| what translation techniques used for NIV |
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Definition
| bridge the gap- dynamic leaning towards |
|
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Term
| what translation techniques used for NLT |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| what translation techniques used for RSV |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| what translation techniques used for esv |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| what translation techniques used for JSB |
|
Definition
| jerusalem bible....formal |
|
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Term
| what translation techniques used for the living bible |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| what translated techniques used for good news bible |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| what translation techniques used for the message |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| what are some good bibles for formal bible study? |
|
Definition
| esv, nasb, hcsb because the formal literal translatoins give better window into vocabulary |
|
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Term
| niv was to bridge the gap between which two techniques? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| dynamic equivalence is referred to by what other words? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| what did wescott and hort do? |
|
Definition
| They were responsible for replacing the Universal Text of the Authorized Version with the Local Text of Egypt and the Roman Catholic ChurchWestcott and Hort built their own Greek text based primarily on a few uncial MSS of the Local Text alexandrian mss |
|
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Term
| for what is john wycliffe famous? |
|
Definition
| Wycliffe was also an early advocate for translation of the Bible into the common language. He completed his translation directly from the Vulgate |
|
|
Term
| what is the nestle aland text? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| for what is erasmus known? |
|
Definition
reformation---made reek nt available in europe
erasmus published a gk text based upon a half dozen miniscule manuscripts |
|
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Term
| for what is william tyndale known |
|
Definition
| Tyndale's was the first English translation to draw directly from Hebrew and Greek texts opposed kings |
|
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Term
| what are the three major families of greek manuscripts? |
|
Definition
| alexander (byzantine western) caesarian |
|
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Term
| what are a few issues that affect a version |
|
Definition
| The proper name for God, pronunciation, and monetary terms |
|
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Term
| is it true that the kjv was originally intended to be read in churches and translators had to abandon the idea later of translating to the vernacular of the people? |
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Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
| originial language of text |
|
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Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
| the attempt at saying something in other words |
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Term
|
Definition
Textus Receptus
greek manuscripts used for most of the reformation translations, wycliffe, kjv, luther |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| eclectic text that prefers order, alexandrian, caesarean, eastern, byzantine |
|
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Term
| What is the abbreviation for the book of 1 Maccabees? |
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Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
| abbreviation for septuagint |
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Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| nestle aland greek new testament abbreviation? |
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Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| abbreviation for manuscripts? |
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Definition
|
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Term
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Definition
| is the bridge between a thought in God’s mind and a thought in the mind of the human author. |
|
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Term
| according to the instructor... inspiration pertains to the... |
|
Definition
| written original manuscripts of the human authors. |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| collection of 66 Books of the (Protestant) Bible. |
|
|
Term
| Through “lower criticism” or Textual Criticism |
|
Definition
| we arrive at a single modern Greek and Hebrew (and Aramaic) Text |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| is the art and science that produces a Modern English Version |
|
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Term
| interpretation and illumination |
|
Definition
| are the combined work of the Spirit and person leading to Understanding In a modern reader’s mind. |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| is what produces change In the life of the reader. |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| is what leads to understanding, etc., in the life of others. |
|
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Term
| The author of your textbook thinks the purpose of the Bible is that.... |
|
Definition
| God wanted to reveal himself to human beings |
|
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Term
| Which Theory of Truth does the Instructor subscribe to? |
|
Definition
| The Correspondence theory of truth. |
|
|
Term
| What is the Instructor’s Theory of Knowledge |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Because the Bible is the product of human beings, it of necessity contains a few errors. |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Inerrancy does not mean uniformity in all details. |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Inerrancy excludes the use of phenomenological language. |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Inerrancy only applies to those parts of the Bible dealing with faith and practice. |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Inerrancy necessitates belief that the Bible always uses exact technical terms. |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Inspiration applies only to the original manuscripts. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Inspiration involved the active participation of human authors. |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| The word used to describe inspiration that specifies that ALL scripture is inspired |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| neo-orthodox writers such as karl barth would say |
|
Definition
| inspiration is found in the individual’s experience of the text. |
|
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Term
| According to the instructor, writers such as Erickson and Hodge would hold to a view that |
|
Definition
| inspiration pertains to the original authors. |
|
|
Term
| According to the instructor, writers such as Warfield and Grudem would hold to a view that |
|
Definition
| inspiration pertains to the product, the text. |
|
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Term
| The instructor’s own view on inspiration would be that: |
|
Definition
| inspiration is a quality resident within the text of the autograph |
|
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Term
| Give two primary scripture references which speak to the issue of inspiration. |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Which view suggests that revelation occurs when a reader encounters God in the reading of scripture? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What term is used to refer to an original written document which is now considered scripture, but which we no longer possess? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How might you demonstrate, using scripture, that Jesus trusted the historical accuracy of the scriptures? |
|
Definition
| Mtt. 5 – “In the Beginning” or “As Jonah was in the belly of the fish …” |
|
|
Term
| What are the six (6) key elements of inspiration |
|
Definition
Inspiration is the superintending work of God the Holy Spirit.
Inspiration involves the active participation of human writers.
Inspiration applies to the original manuscripts.
Inspiration extends to all Scripture without restriction.
Inspiration extends to the individual words of Scripture.
Inspiration secures as errorless a recording of the exact message God desired to give. |
|
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Term
| Origen, Basil and Jerome thought that the OT and NT were written by |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Theodore believed that the Spirit influenced the writers of |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| philo thought inspiration meant |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What historical sect/cult followed Philo’s ideas |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Jerome thought that Inspiration did not eclipse the author’s personality. |
|
Definition
| eclipse the authors personality |
|
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Term
| Luther viewed the Bible as |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| William of Ockham thought that Authority rested |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What was the view of Scripture in the Tridentine Profession of Faith? |
|
Definition
| Both Scripture and Tradition were crucial. |
|
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Term
| Discuss the limitations of “proving” inspiration |
|
Definition
[Statement about autographs]
[Statement about the character of God]
[Statement about the faithfulness of the Bible’s self-statements]
[Statement about apparent circularity (what Scripture says about Scripture)] |
|
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Term
| “There is good evidence that none of the apocryphal or pseudepigraphal works were included in the OT Hebrew canon used by Jews and early Christians.” |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| T or F According to the text, “All of the apocryphal books have some type of inaccuracies in them.” |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| T or F “Not one of the copies of pseudepigraphal writings were uncovered in the caves of Qumran.” |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| T or F The issue of NT canonicity is much more difficult to determine than OT canonicity. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| T of F According to the text, “Many of the NT books were probably collected into some form of canon before the mid-second century.” |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| T of F According to the text, “Uncertainty regarding mainly the General Epistles remained well into the fourth century….” |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| this was NOT presented as an argument commonly advanced for accepting the Apocrypha? |
|
Definition
| The council of Constantinople in 397 AD, while not granting full canonicity, proclaimed the apocryphal books as valuable for reading within the church. |
|
|
Term
| common arguments presented for accepting the Apocrypha? |
|
Definition
a. Some of the NT books possibly make allusions to apocryphal books.
b. NT authors often quote from the LXX, the earliest manuscripts of which include
the apocrypha.
c. Several apocryphal books were found among the Dead Sea scrolls.
d. Early Christian art reflected knowledge of the Apocrypha.
e. Certain early church fathers accepted apocryphal books as authoritative. |
|
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Term
| How did our Protestant OT canon come to include 39 books while the Hebrew OT canon only included 24? |
|
Definition
| The Protestants chose to divide the books differently after the Reformation. |
|
|
Term
| In your English Bible, how many books are there in the Prophets? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| NT Canon recognized “substantially”? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| OT was prob compiled around when? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Apocrypha formally canonized |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| n your English Bible, how many books are there in the Prophets |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Name these Prophetic books from your English Bible |
|
Definition
Isaiah, Jeremiah, Lamentations,
Ezekiel, Daniel; Hosea, Joel, Amos, Obadiah, Jonah, Micah, Nahum, Habakkuk,
Zephaniah, Haggai, Zechariah, Malachi_ |
|
|
Term
| What does the word Testament mean |
|
Definition
Covenant, Agreement Pact. agreed upon by two
or more parties. like a will |
|
|
Term
| What does the acronym TANAK mean? Torah/Law |
|
Definition
| ,Nevi’im/Prophets & Ketuvim/ (Holy) Writings, Hagiagrapha____ |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| Greek Translation from the Hebrew of the Old Testament__ |
|
|
Term
| For the first thirty years, the text says, “the events and teachings of Christ would have been transmitted |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| who was the first person to use the term “apocryphal” for the books now commonly so labeled? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| According to the text, all of the NT was written by (date) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The earliest discussion on Canon outside the Old Testament itself was written by whom? |
|
Definition
| jesus ben Sirach or Sira (180 B.C. and his grandson 130 B.C.). |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When was the Wisdom of ben Sirach written |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 5 principles/questions used in determining the acceptance of a biblical book into the canon? |
|
Definition
Is the book Authoritative?
Is the book Prophetic?
Is the book Authentic?
Is the book Dynamic?
Was the book Received? |
|
|
Term
| beckwith gave five pieces of evidence for the shape (order) and the contents of the hebrew old testament canon; what were they? |
|
Definition
ben Sirach
Luke 24:44
Talmud/Tosephta
Jesus’ Statements of History
Philo’s Statements |
|
|
Term
| 2 books from the apocrypha |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Name two Books from the Pseudepigrapha |
|
Definition
| Gnostic Gospels__________ & Apocalypses |
|
|
Term
| In your English Bible, Ruth is between |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Proverbs ______ or Song of Solomon |
|
|
Term
| three of the several reasons given in your readings as to “why the Roman Catholic Church considers the wider Alexandrian list of books to be canonical.” |
|
Definition
1. NT makes allusions to some;
2. NT Quotes LXX which contained the larger list
3. Apocryphal books found w/ DSS
4. Early Christian Art knows Apocryphal
5. Some Church Fathers accepted them
6. Council of Trent proclaimed the Apocrypha authoritative |
|
|
Term
| List four of the ten arguments set forth in the list in the readings for the rejection of the canonicity of the Apocrypha. |
|
Definition
1. NT never cites them as inspired
2. None of the Apocryphal books claim to be the Word of th Lord
3. the OT Canon is confirmed by many sources: 39 books.
4. There were not two separate canons in Palestine and Egypt
Philo (from Egypt) never quotes a book of the Apocrypha as authoritative.
5. Significant historical inaccuracies in the Apocrypha.
6. Theological inconsistencies
7. Many church fathers spoke against the canonicity of much of the Apocrypha
8. Melito (earliest 170 A.D.) does not list the Apocrypha
9. Jerome argued against the canonization of the Apocrypha.
10. During the Council of Trent, Luther argued against inclusion of several of the books. |
|
|
Term
| Give one of the reasons given in the text as to why we should study the pseudepigrapha |
|
Definition
1. They give us information regarding the social dimension of early Judaism.
2. They show how important the Old Testament was.
3. They show how doctrine developed in relationship to the New Testament. |
|
|
Term
Give two of the reasons given in the text why the oral accounts of the events of Christ’s
life could be trusted: |
|
Definition
1. The narratives and discourses adopted fixed forms – this would transmit earlier.
2. It is unlikely that the disciples and early Christians would have falsified the accounts
of Jesus’ life.
3. The disciples were martyred for their faith something that seems unlikely if it were
based on accounts that they themselves had falsified or fictionalized.
4. Extrabiblical records support scriptural accounts of Jesus’ life and teaching. |
|
|
Term
| significance of...“The Laws, and the Oracles given by inspiration through the Prophets, and the Psalms, and the other books whereby knowledge and piety are increased and completed” |
|
Definition
| By this is would appear that Philo understood that the canon was divided into three parts roughly corresponding to the tri-partite groupings and order(s) now current within Judaism. |
|
|
Term
| What was the significance of ben Sirach and the Prologue to it for canonical studies |
|
Definition
A beginning to canonical studies from the second century B.C. gives us the Jewish
canonical shape and many of the names of the books. |
|
|
Term
| What were two of the eight reasons that the instructor gave as to why nt canon was harder to determine |
|
Definition
1. There was/is a lot more NT material available to evaluate.
2. There were a lot more “Christian” people evaluating the material.
3. The OT material had, by the time of Christianity, crystalized and was more
uniform.
4. The NT material went through a brief period of oral transmission.
5. There was much less uniformity of faith with the Christians than with the Jews.
Early on there were several fully developed traditions (Greek, Latin, Slavonic,
Coptic, etc.).
6. There was much less geographical connectedness with the Christians than with
the Jews.
7. The process of copying, collecting and collating the books was longer
(geography, regional acceptance of some books, etc.)
8. The Jews never seemed to have as much trouble weeding out spurious works
(Apocrypha/Pseudepigrapha) as the Christians did (e.g., a lot of it canonized by
Council of Trent, 1545-63 A.D.) |
|
|
Term
| What were they or who were the canonical lists they from? And, what are their approximated dates? |
|
Definition
66. Muratorian Fragment/Canon (ca. 180-200) NT only
67. Origen (ca. 230-50) From Eusebius Church History VI.25. OT & NT
68. Eusebius (ca. 325) Ecclesiastical History III.25 NT only
69. Athanasius (ca. 367) Festal Letter 39 Both OT and NT
70. Jerome (ca. 394, 391) Epistle 53. 8-9 NPNF2 6.101-2 OT and NT |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| (ca. 325) Ecclesiastical History III.25 NT only |
|
|
Term
| Athanasius canonical list |
|
Definition
| (ca. 367) Festal Letter 39 Both OT and NT |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| ca. 394, 391) Epistle 53. 8-9 NPNF2 6.101-2 OT and NT |
|
|
Term
| Muratorian Fragment canonical list |
|
Definition
| Canon (ca. 180-200) NT only |
|
|
Term
Why is the book of Ruth where it is in your English Bible; and why was the book placed
where it is in the Holy Writings in Jewish tradition? |
|
Definition
In English Bible, Ruth fits in the time of the Judges and the genealogy at the end makes a nice transition into 1 Samuel, which is about the rise of David.
The Book also gives a ray of hope in a very dark time historically.
In Hebrew Bible: Ruth was used for liturgical purposes during the Feast of Pentecost; perhaps the book was not considered as important for that reason.
Ruth was not a prophet, and so had no claim to be in the “Former Prophets.”
Ruth was a woman and the Rabbi’s were notoriously misogynist.
Ruth was a foreigner and the Rabbi’s were notoriously xenophobic. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| [Deals with issues relating to source, date, authorship, culture, literary style, etc…] |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| [Synonymous with Textual Criticism…recovering the original text] |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| [A manuscript is simply a handwritten (1 pt) copy of the Bible or a portion dating to before the invention of the printing press (or before the mid 1400s or mid 15th Century) (1 pt). ] |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| [Pointed text of the Masorete scribes dating about 10th Cent. A.D.] |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| gk nt mss in all uppercase |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| [A “reading” of a particular text which differs from the reading of the same passage in a different manuscript.] |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| [A “family” of manuscripts which share similar characteristics, ostensibly “geographical” in origin: Alexandrian, Western, Caesarean, and Byzantine.] |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| [Greek translation of the OT(1), includes the Apocrypha (1)] |
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| [Greek NT Manuscript in all LOWER CASE (cursive) script, later dating] |
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| latin translation of the bible translated by jerome |
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| latin translation of the bible, translated by jerome |
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| [Material of early NT MSS, made from papyri reeds, used before parchment] |
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| [MSS cut and bound in pages (not scroll)] |
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| [Origen did the work to produce the Hexapla – (1 pt) a six translation edition of the OT with Hebrew Text and the LXX text plus four translations (1 pts) to improve the LXX to read as close as possible to the Hebrew. (1 pt)] |
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| [The “notes” at the bottom of a Greek or Hebrew text showing alternate readings and the MSS supporting each variant. (2)] |
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| [Scrolls found in Qumran in 1947/8 which contain scripture and other documents, narrowing the gap between the writing and our earliest MSS by 1000 years, confirming the accuracy of transmission.] |
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| [Use of scripture by early church fathers (which helps verify specific readings of the text)] |
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| How do materials like the writing instruments and the types of “paper” used for MSS aid in the area of textual criticism? |
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| They can help “date” the MSS.] |
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| What significance was there in the discovery of the Dead Sea Scrolls for textual criticism? |
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| [They reduced the gap between the writing of the OT and the earliest MSS extant, demonstrating the accuracy of the copying for that 1000 years.] |
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| The Dead Sea Scrolls date back to roughly |
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| [Textbook dates them from 250 B.C. to about 50 A.D. (p. 187)] |
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| A fragment of a NT book can be considered a “manuscript.” |
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| The earliest existing New Testament fragments date back to approximately |
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| What are two types of “intentional” variants found in the manuscripts? |
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| [Possibilities: A scribe may have omitted material which he deemed to be (i) superfluous, (ii) harsh, or (iii) contrary to pious belief, liturgical usage, or ascetical practice. The Scribe might replace an unfamiliar word with a more familiar synonym; or Alter a less refined grammatical form or less elegant lexical expression in accord with contemporary Atticizing preferences; or Add pronouns, conjunctions, and expletives to make a smoother text. (Any of two of these are alright)] |
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| What are two reasons for unintentional variants discussed in class |
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| [Parablepsis (. . . where the eye of the copyist may have inadvertently passed from one word to another having a similar sequence of letters). Credit if they know homoioteleuton, homoioarchon, haplography or dittography; or if they explain it without knowing the words. ] |
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| For those who prefer a “critical text” approach to textual criticism, what are The Seven Canons of Textual Criticism |
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[The more difficult reading (lectio difficilior) is to be preferred. ]
[The shorter reading is to be preferred.]
[The reading which best explains all the variants is to be preferred.]
[The reading with the widest geographical support is to be preferred.]
[The reading which most conforms to the style and diction of the author is to be
preferred.]
[The reading which reflects no doctrinal bias is to be preferred.] |
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| Explain the major philosophy differences between a “critical text” approach and a “majority text” approach in choosing between two variants. |
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| Best (Alexandrian, early, Uncials) versus the most (Byzantine, late, minuscules)] |
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| Where MT and the other witnesses offer the same text and it is an intelligible and sensible reading, it is inadmissible |
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| [to reject this reading and resort to conjecture.] |
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Where there is a genuine deviation from the MT on the part of the other witnesses and
both readings seem equally sensible, then the preference should normally be given to |
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| Where the text of MT is doubtful or impossible because of factors of language or sense-in-context, and where at the same time other witnesses offer a satisfactory reading, then |
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| the latter should be given favorable consideration |
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| In all textual-critical work, due regard must be given to |
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| the psychology of the scribe himself |
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Defined in terms of “the degree to which the receptors of the message in the receptor (target) language respond to it in substantially the same manner as the
receptors in the source language….” |
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| compiled the first Greek text to be produced on a printing press |
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| the first to translate the entire Bible from Latin into English |
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| based upon the textus receptus |
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translator(s) attempt(s) to render the exact words of the original language into the
receptor (target) language. |
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| translated most of the bible from the original language |
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| The most famous Latin translation |
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| more than fifty scholars, trained in Hebrew and Greek, began the translation, beginning with an earlier version, and comparing several existing translations |
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an edition of the Greek New Testament reflecting a majority consensus of textual
critics to say something in different words than the author used. It is a restatement of the author’s thoughts, using different words than he did. Its purpose is to say as exactly as possible what the writers of the Scriptures meant, and to say it simply, expanding where necessary for a clear understanding by the modern reader. |
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| the Bible first brought by missionaries to England |
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| text based upon five or six very late MSS dating from the 10th to 13th centuries. |
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| was initiated as a translation in part to avoid sectarian margin notes of earlier translations |
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| English Translation reflecting a primarily Byzantine Text type |
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| produced a volume entitled The New Testament in the Original Greek – espousing a theory that Codex Vaticanus and Codex Sinaiticus, along with a few early MSS, represented a text that most clearly replicated the original writing |
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| two issues which would affect a version in addition to the text base used for translation. |
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| translation principle (formal or dynamic eq.) & audience or language |
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| What are two modern English versions your instructor suggests are most appropriate for formal study of the scriptures? |
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| argument for kjv? The Byzantine Text type is more reliable |
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| argument for kjv? gods word is infallible |
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| argument for kjv?cyprian family of MSS |
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| argument for kjv? older mss more reliable |
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| argument for kjv? majority of mss |
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| argument for kjv? christ is the author of the word |
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| argument for kjv? the editors of critical text were ungodly |
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| argument for kjv? easier to memorize |
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| argument for kjv? easier to read |
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