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manuscript in book form (manuscript pgs trimmed and bound ina single volume--not a scroll)
is a book in the format used for modern books, with multiple quires or gatherings (sheets of paper or vellum in multiples of two which are folded and stitched through) typically bound together and given a cover. |
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other witnesses to scriptures
Murabba’at Manuscripts, Manuscripts at Masada, Manuscripts at Nahal Hever, Codex Cairensis (C), Aleppo Codex (A), Oriental 4445. |
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is the term for an edition of the Bible in six versions. Especially it applies to the edition of the Old Testament compiled by Origen of Alexandria, which placed side by side: pg. 200 Wegner.
1. The Hebrew text (of his day)
2. A Greek transliteration (a Hebrew text written in Greek letters)
3. Aquila’s Greek version
4. Symmachus’s Greek version
5. A revision of the Septuagint
6. Theodotion’s Greek version |
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| The principles of practice of texual critisism |
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Internal-in general, the more difficult reading prefered
Textual Critisism- external evidence:
-date and character of witness
-geographical distribution of witness
-geneological relationship of texts and families of witnesses
-witnesses-weighed not counted |
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Clay, (ostraca), stone, papyrus parchment, lead, copper, "iron stylus on lead" stylus-cut at angle, quill/read pen ink
Papyrus, Parchments. |
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| Other witnesses of the text of scripture |
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| patriostic citations, lectionaries, other translations |
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| The developement of textual cristism |
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higher critisism- issues with source, cite, authorship, culture, literary style, etc.
lower criticism-textual criticism recovering original text
Even thought we do not have any original autographs of the biblical authors, this does not mean there is no way to determine the accuracy of the biblical texts. The many biblical sources that have been discovered can be compared and evaluated to determine the most accurate reading of a text. This is the main goal of Old Testament textual criticism, which can be defined |
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handwritten copy of the Bible, or a portion dating to before the invetntion of the printing press
derives from a Latin word meaning “that which is written by hand. pg. 165 Wegner. It is written information that has been manually created by someone or some people, such as a hand-written letter, as opposed to being printed or reproduced some other way. There are no original manuscripts of either the Old or New Testaments. |
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Alexandrian, Western, Caesarean, Byzantine
(Family of Greek membership, as in NT textual criticism)
refer to the following four basic aspects of writing: descriptive, narrative, expository, and argumentative. |
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material of early NTMSS made from the ppyrus reeds, used before parchment
is a thick paper-like material produced from the pith of the papyrus plant, Cyperus papyrus, a wetland sedge that was once abundant in the Nile Delta of Egypt. |
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| notes at the bottom of a greek or hebrew text showing alternate readings and the MSS supporting each varient the “notes” at the bottom of a Greek or Hebrew text showing alternate readings |
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250 b.c.-50 a.d.
Scrolls and garment found and Qumran and elsewhere found in 1948
Scripture and other docs
are a collection of 972 texts from the Hebrew Bible and extra-biblical documents found between 1947 and 1956 on the northwest shore of the Dead Sea, from which they derive their name. |
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| camel urine, desert, difficult becasue of fire, rodents, rot, vandelism |
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Greek NT manuscript lower case script-in cursive
at present approximately 2795 text have been recorded, as well as about 2135 lectionaries, generally dating to a time later than the uncials. However, it does not necessarily follow that an earlier text is automatically more accurate, since a later manuscript may have been copied from a better original text. |
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| tending to change or alter; exhibiting variety or diversity; varying |
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Greek translation of OT includes apocrapha
or simply "LXX", is an Ancient Greek translation of the Hebrew Bible. It is referred to in critical works by the abbreviation or G. |
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| Greek, Latin, Hebrew, Semitic language –Arabic. |
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Greek NT manuscript in all UPPER CASE script
is a majuscule script (written entirely in capital letters) commonly used from the 3rd to 8th centuries AD by Latin and Greek scribes. Uncial letters are written either in Greek, Latin, or Gothic. |
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4th century latin translation by Jerome
is a late 4th-century Latin translation of the Bible. It was largely the work of St. Jerome, who was commissioned by Pope Damasus I in 382 to make a revision of the old Latin translations. |
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animal skin "paper"
is a thin material made from calfskin, sheepskin or goatskin, often split. Its most common use was as a material for writing on, for documents, notes, or the pages of a book, codex or manuscript. |
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in hand, existing today
in existence; still existing; not destroyed or lost: There are only three extant copies of the document. |
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