Term
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Definition
| Recessive trait. People who are heterozygous receive benefits without drawbacks. |
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Term
| Body type in tropical areas |
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Definition
| Tall, dark skin, long thin limbs, narrow hips, high center of gravity. |
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Term
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Definition
| More red blood cells, non-saturated hemoglobin, viscous blood |
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Term
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Definition
| Normal red blood cell count, increased nitric oxide |
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Term
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Definition
| Normal red blood cell count and nitric oxide |
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Term
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Definition
Half of genetic material is forfeited
Slower population growth |
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Term
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Definition
| We evolved as sexual beings because clonal reproduction can cause mutations but cannot remove them, while sexual reproduction allows for the removal of mutations |
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Term
| Tangled bank hypothesis/Darwin's theory |
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Definition
| Species are more likely to adapt with greater variation |
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Term
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Definition
| The only way you can persist is to keep up with competitors |
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Term
| Morphospecies/morphological species concept |
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Definition
| Species are defined by their outward phenotype. This is very subjective, and some species have great variation or similar sister species. |
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Term
| Biological species concept |
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Definition
| A species is defined by reproductive isolation. This is problematic because some hybrids are viable.Ernst Mayer |
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Term
| Phylogenetic species concept |
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Definition
| Based on finding the smallest monophyletic group.Originally defined by phenotype, DNA is now used. Difficult to do in the field. |
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Term
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Definition
| Speciation occurs with isolation |
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Term
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Definition
| An event occurs that separates one species into isolated groups. |
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Term
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Definition
| Before the last ice age, the tropics were warm and humid. Ice came, mountains were islands of rainforest because of rising heat. Populations diverged on each island, and when the world thawed, different species came down from the mountains, overlapping. |
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Term
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Definition
| A flightless bird that lived on Gondwana 150mya. Continental drift ocurred, and ratite evolved into emus, ostriches, moas, elephant birds, cassoaries, and rias. |
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Term
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Definition
| Speciation without isolation. Plants where meiosis does not occur correctly end up with 4n ferns which can only reproduce with other 4n ferns, thus are separate species by biological species concept. Soapberry bugs vary in phenotype depending what plant they live on. |
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Term
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Definition
| Choose the simplest possible explanation for a phenomenon. |
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Term
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Definition
The fossil record
Casts
Petrification
compression |
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Term
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Definition
Lets us know when a species diverged by comparing differences in DNA. As in the case of HIV.
DNA is sequenced over time, changes per time plotted, date of origin can be extrapolated. |
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Term
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Definition
| Slow and steady rather than jumpy evolution |
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Term
| Niles Eldridge, Stephen J Gould |
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Definition
| Theory of punctuated equilibrium evolution |
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Term
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Definition
| Rapid speciation. Cichlids in Lakes Victoria and Nabugabo, desert pupfish, hediolepta moths |
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Term
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Definition
| Organisms that fit in the same place in the population evolve separately to be similar. New and old world warblers, Chardonnay grapes. |
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Term
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Definition
| The difference in species on either side of Wallace's line / per continental plate. |
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Term
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Definition
| All overlapping populations can interbreed. |
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Term
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Definition
| Rapid proliferation of a taxonomic group in a particular area. |
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Term
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Definition
| Life from non-living matter |
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Term
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Definition
| Biochemist who hypothesized that primordial soup had the ingredients to make biological molecules if sparked by energy(lightning). |
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Term
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Definition
| Must be catalyst and template for its own reproduction. RNA. |
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Term
| Distinctive bacterial fossils |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Organisms become more complex, evolving eukaryotic cells and multicellular organisms. |
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Term
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Definition
End paleozoic
End permian
End mesozoic |
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Term
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Definition
| Structures associated with other used in different species (panda thumb) |
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Term
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Definition
| Bacteria evolved first, with archaea and eukarya evolving later on off their own branch. |
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Term
| Bacteria uses and characteristics |
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Definition
| Aid digestion, yogurt, diseases, oxygen, nitrogen fixing. Unicellular, small, peptidoglycan cell wall, varying metabolic pathways and shapes. |
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Term
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Definition
| Gram positive, low G-C. Yoghurt, anthrax. |
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Term
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Definition
| Oxygenic photosynthesizers. Gram positive |
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Term
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Definition
| High G-C. Tuberculosis. Antibiotics. |
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Term
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Definition
| Gram inconclusive (sheath), spiral shape. Syphillis |
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Term
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Definition
| Only 13 species, chlamydia, blindness. Small endosymbionts in animal cells. |
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Term
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Definition
| E. Coli, Rocky Mountain spotted fever, Cholera, Gonnorhea, Diarrhea, Ulcers |
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Term
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Definition
| Relatively abundant. Mesophilic environments, ocean, nutrient cycling. |
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Term
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Definition
| First archaea, 37 species, extremophiles. |
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Term
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Definition
| Many clades of eukarya - opsitho means posterior, conta means rod because reproductive cells swim with flagella. |
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Term
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Definition
| Fungi, choanoflagella, metazoa |
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Term
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Definition
| Multicellular eukaryotic heterotrophs |
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Term
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Definition
| Small individuals, single filter feeder cells with rings of microvilli. |
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Term
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Definition
| Sponges. Lack true tissues, polyphyletic group. Collar cells resemble choanoflagellate. |
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Term
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Definition
| Two embryonic germ layers - ectoderm and endoderm |
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Term
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Definition
| Marine animal, largest to use cilia (combs) to swim. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Hydrostatic skeleton. Pseudocoelem between meso and endo, or coelem in meso. Protostomes derive coelem from splitting, deuterostomes from pouching. |
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Term
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Definition
| Unique to lophotrochozoans |
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Term
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Definition
| Either tentacles or cilia |
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Term
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Definition
| Flatworms including turbellarians, cestoeles, and trematocoeles. |
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Term
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Definition
| Each body segment contains bits from all body system |
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Term
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Definition
| Segmented worms. Including polychaetes, trocophores, oligochaetes, and leeches. |
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Term
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Definition
| Roundworms, same branch as arthropoda, grow by shedding. Including trichonella. |
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Term
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Definition
| Insects, crabs, lobsters, and spiders. |
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Term
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Definition
| Deuterostomes. Starfish, urchins. |
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Term
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Definition
| Deuterostomes. Pharyngeal gill slits, dorsal, tubular nerve chord, notochord. |
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