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BI 455 - Week 3
Blood, muscle, nerve
53
Histology
Intermediate
04/26/2016

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Cards

Term
What are the two adaptations of muscle tissue?
Definition
Contraction and conductivity
Term
What cell type transforms chemically stored energy into mechanical work?
Definition
Muscle cells
Term
How do muscle cells get nutrients and oxygen, and eliminate waste?
Definition
BVs in the associated CT, binds to muscle cells to provide harness for their pull
Term
Where are the nerves for muscle tissues located?
Definition
They are also in the associated CT
Term
What is a muscle fiber?
Definition
A muscle cell
Term
What surrounds every muscle fiber?
Definition
basal lamin
Term
What is the plasma membrane of a muscle fiber called?
Definition
Sarcolemma
Term
What is the cytoplasm of the sarcolemma called?
Definition
Sarcoplasm
Term
What elements are within the sarcoplasm?
Definition
Myofilaments (cytoplasmic contractile elements)
Term
What muscle tissues are NOT derived from mesoderm?
Definition
Iris muscle and myoepithelial muscles (both ectoderm)
Term
What are the cylindrical bundles of thick and thin myofilaments of skeletal muscle called?
Definition
Myofibrils
Term
What are the units of contraction in skeletal muscle?
Definition
Sarcomeres
Term
What do the cells of the tendon look like?
Definition
Fibroblasts or fibrocytes that occur in rows, squeezed between thick collagen fibers
-only flattened nuclei show well
Term
What is a unique feature of the skeletal muscle of the tongue?
Definition
Muscle fasicles are cut in different planes
Term
What CT surrounds each muscle fasicle?
Definition
Perimysium
Term
What CT surrounds individual muscle fibers?
Definition
Endomysium (loose areolar CT)
Term
[image]
Definition
muscle-tendon junction
Term
[image]
Definition

lower portion is cs skeletal muscle

Top: DRCT

Term
[image]
Definition

Top: DRCT

Bottom: Skeletal muscle

Term
What CT surround the whole muscle group?
Definition
Epimysium
Term
Where is smooth muscle found?
Definition
-walls of ducts, BVs, LVs
-walls of tracts (digestive, respiratory)
-iris
-skin
-endocardium
-scrotum
-penis
-nipple
Term
What are the 2 layers of smooth muscle found in the colon in the outermost part of the acidophilic (pink) region?
Definition
1) Inner longitudinal section
2) outer cross section
Term
The thin layer of smooth muscle under the basophilic region (mucosa) in the colon is called the __________.
Definition
Muscularis mucosae
Term
[image]
Definition

Top (white): DICT

Middle (black): muscularis mucosae

Bottom (white): epithelial

Term
What 4 things comprise the CNS?
Definition
1) Nerve cells (cell bodies, dendrites, and axons of neurons)
2) Supporting cells, the neuroglia
3) Meninges
4) BVs
Term
What are the supporting cells/neuroglia of the CNS?
Definition
1)oligodendroglia
2)astrocytes
3)microglia
Term
From inside to outside, what are the layers of the meninges?
Definition
Pia mater
Arachnoid mater
Dura mater
Term
What 5 things comprise the PNS?
Definition
1) Neurons (ganglia)
2) Supporting cells
3) Schwann cells
4) CT elements
5) BVs
Term
What are the supporting cells of the PNS?
Definition
Satellite cells, associated with PNS neurons
Term
What cells form the myelin sheath? Where does this occur?
Definition
Schwann cells, axons of the PNS
Term
What are the 3 CT elements of the PNS?
Definition
Endoneurium, perineurium, epineurium
Term
What are the specialized characteristics of the neuron?
Definition
specialization for excitability and conductivity
Term
WHat are the CT elements of the CNS?
Definition
Meninges
Term
What occurs through the CT elements of both the CNS and PNS?
Definition
Exchange of gass, nutrients, metabolic products btwn neurons and BVs
Term
What are macrophages in the CNS called?
Definition
Microglia
Term
What are macrophages in the PNS called?
Definition
Histiocytes
Term
What is located in the ventral horn?
Definition
Cell bodies of motor neurons
Term
What is located in the white matter?
Definition
CNS glial cells (oligodendroglia mostly), axons with myelin sheath
Term
Are cell bodies larger in the anterior or posterior horn?
Definition
Anterior (motor neuron cell bodies/perikarya)
Term
What is the white matter of the cerebellum called?
Definition
Medulla (outermost layer of cerebellum) *locate the meninges***
Term
WHat is the gray matter of the cerebellum called?
Definition
Cortex (molecular layer + granular layer)
Term
What are the 2 layers of the cerebellar cortex?
Definition
1) molecular layer = outer, lighter layer
2) granular layer = inner, darker layer
Term
What comprises most of the molecular layer of the cerebellar cortex?
Definition
Dendrites and axons
Term
What comprises most of the granular layer of the cerebellar cortex?
Definition
Neurons
Term
What are the large, flask-shaped cells aligned in a row in the cortex, between the 2 layers called?
Definition
Purkinje cells
Term
[image]
Definition
Purkinje cells between molecular and granular layer of cerebellar cortex (gray matter)
Term
[image]
Definition
PNS nerve (peripheral ganglion)
Term
What is the collection of neuronal cell bodies outside the CNS called?
Definition
Peripheral ganglion
Term
What encapsulates each peripheral ganglion cell?
Definition
Satellite cells
Term
Are pregangionic axons myelinated?
Definition
Yes
Term
Are postganglionic axons myelinated?
Definition
No
Term
What is the system of intrinsic innervation of the gastrointestinal tract?
Definition
Enteric nervous system
Term
WHat is the structure located between the 2 smooth muscle layers of the colon called?
Definition
Myenteric Plexus of Auerbach
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