Term
| Small pieces of tissue are placed in solutions of chemicals that preserve by cross-linking proteins and inactivating degradative enzymes |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Tissue is transferred through a series of increasingly concentrated alcohol solutions, ending in 100%, which removes all water |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Alcohol is removed in toluene or other agents in which both alcohol and paraffin are miscible |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Tissues is placed in melted paraffin until it becomes completely infiltrated with this substance |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Paraffin-infiltrated tissue is placed in small mold with melted paraffin and allowed to harden |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Stain that produces dark blue or purple color, staining DNA in the cell nucleus and other acidic structures (eg. RNA-rich portions of cytoplasm and matrix of cartilage) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Stain produces pink color, staining other cytoplasmic components and collagen |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Stain based on transformation of 1,2-glycol groups present in sugars into aldehyde residues |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Stain that reacts to produce purple or magenta color |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Stain that stains carbohydrates and carbohydrate-rich macromolecules well |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Stain that allows for intense contrast of glycosylated molecules |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Localization of cellular structures using specific enzymatic activity present in those structures |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Name and Order: [1] Section put in contact w/ marker that reacts w/ product of enzyme [2] Product color or e- density causes contrast between enzymatically active and inactive areas [3] Enzyme is allowed to act on substrate [4] Tissue sections are immersed in solution with substrate of enzyme to localize |
|
Definition
| Enzyme histochemistry: 4, 3, 1, 2 |
|
|
Term
| Uses specific rxns btwn antigen and antibody to visualize proteins by labelling w/ visible markers |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Technique involving fluorescent compounds, peroxidase for light microscopy or gold for TEM |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| TYpes of immunohistochemistry |
|
Definition
[1] Direct immunohistochemistry
[2] Indirect immunohistochemistry |
|
|
Term
| Benefit of indirect immunohistochemistry? |
|
Definition
| More than 1 labelled secondary antibody can bind to each primary antibody --> protein is amplified |
|
|
Term
| Microscopic technique: stain preparations are examined as ordinary light passes thru |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Microscopic technique: uses differences in refractive index of components to produce an image w/o staining, allowing observation of living cells |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Microscopic technique: involves scanning specimen at successive focal planes w/ focused light beam (laser), producing a 3D reconstruction from images |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Microscopic technique: uses UV light, allowing localization of probes which can be much more specific than routine stains |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Microscopic technique: Scans e- beam across specimen coated w/ thin layer of heavy metal. Reflected and secondary e-s from specimen are produced into 3D ultrastructural image |
|
Definition
| Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) |
|
|
Term
| Microscopic technique: sends electromagnetically focused beam of e-s at very high voltage thru ultra-thin sections of tissues. Involves heavy metal ions that associate at different e- densities w/ components, improving contrast |
|
Definition
| Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| bright field microscopy (H&E stain) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| phase contrast microscopy |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| transmission electron microscopy (TEM) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| scanning electron microscopy |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Functions of plasma membrane |
|
Definition
-physical barrier to enclose cell contents
-regulates material in and out of cell
-provides/maintains electrical gradient
-functions in cell communication |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| -modifies, transports, stores proteins produced by its ribosomes |
|
|
Term
| Fate of proteins from rER |
|
Definition
-secreted out of cell
-become part of PM
-become enzymes of lysosomes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-synthesizes, transports, stores lipids (eg. steroids)
-metabolizes carbs
-detoxifies
-forms vesicles and peroxisomes |
|
|
Term
| Functions of golgi apparatus |
|
Definition
-modifies, packages, sorts materials arriving from ER in transport vesicles
-forms secretory vesicles and lysosomes |
|
|
Term
| Functions of secretory vesicles |
|
Definition
| exocytosis (transport cellular material outside the cell) |
|
|
Term
| Functions of mitochondria |
|
Definition
| synthesize most ATP during respiration |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| sort proteins delivered to them via endocytotic vesicles and redirects them to different cell components (final destination) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| digests microbes or materials of cell |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-detoxifies specific harmful substances (produced by cell or taken in)
-engages in beta oxidation of fatty acids to acetyl CoA |
|
|
Term
| Functions of cytoskeletal elements |
|
Definition
-maintain intracellular structure, support, and organization
-participates in cell division
-facilitates movement |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-protein synthesis
-free ribosomes: produce proteins used within cell/cytoplasm |
|
|
Term
| aggregates of stored glucose |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| lipid accumulation/storage |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Name the mitotic phase: nucleolus disappears. Chromosomes condense. 2 MTOCs (centrosomes) have moved apart and each is associated w/ microtubules forming mitotic spindle. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Name the mitotic phase: chromosomes attach to mitotic spindle microtubules at kinetochores and begin to be moved |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Name the mitotic phase: Chromosomes align at equator |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Name the mitotic phase: sister chromatids separate and move toward opposite spindle poles |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Name the mitotic phase: 2 separate sets of daughter chromosomes arrive at spindle poles and start to decondense, nuclear envelope forms |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Name the mitotic phase: contractile ring produces cleavage furrow until cytoplasmic division |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| DNA fragmentation, decrease of cell volume, membrane blebbing, formation of apoptotic bodies |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| smooth muscle (cs and ls) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| smooth and skeletal muscle |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
