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| The morphology of the chromosomes of an organism as viewed with a light microscope |
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| Asexual reproduction by division of one cell or body into two equal or nearly equal parts |
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| Having only one set of chromosomes |
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| Having two sets of chromosomes |
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| One of two identical copies of each chromosome, still linked at the centromere, produced as the chromosomes duplicate for mitotic division; similarly, one of two identical copies of each homologous chromosome present in a tetrad at meiosis |
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| a pair of the same kind of chromosome in a diploid cell |
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| the repeating sequence of growth and division through which cells pass each generation |
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| The phase of the cell cycle after cytokinesis and before DNA replication. Primary growth phase of cell. |
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| the phase of the cell cycle between DNA replication and mitosis. Cell prepares for mitosis |
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| Stage of cell cycle occupied by cells that are not actively dividing |
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| Somatic cell division; nuclear division in which the duplicated chromosomes seperate to form two genetically identical daughter nuclei |
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| the period between two mitotic or meiotic divisions in which a cell grows and its DNA replicates |
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| the phase of cell division that begins when condensed chromosomes become visible and ends when the nuclear envelope breaks down the assembly of the spindle takes place during prophase |
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| the stage of mitosis or meiosis during which microtubules become organized into a spindle and the chromosomes come to lie in the spindle’s equatorial plane |
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| In mitosis and meiosis II, the stage initiated by the separation of sister chromatids, during which the daughter chromosomes move to opposite poles of the cell; in meiosis I marked by separation of replicated homologous chromosomes |
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| The phase of cell division during which the spindle breaks down, the nuclear envelope of each daughter cell forms, and the chromosomes uncoil and become diffuse. |
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| Division of the cytoplasm of a cell after nuclear division |
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| A visible point of constriction on a chromosome that contains repeated DNA sequences that bind specific proteins. These proteins make up the kinetochore to which microtubules attach during cell division |
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| Disk shaped protein structure within the centromere to which the spindle fibers attach during mitosis or meiosis |
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| maturation-promoting factor; a positive regulator of cell cycle progression in the cytoplasm of dividing cells |
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Any of a number of proteins that are produced in synchrony with the cell cycle and combine with certain protein kinases, the cyclin-dependant kinases, at certain points during cell division |
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| (Cdk) any of a group of protein kinase enzymes that control progress through the cell cycle. These enzymes are only active when complexed with cyclin. |
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| A mutant form of a growth-regulating gene that is inappropriately “on,” causing unrestrained cell growth and division |
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| a normal cellular gene that can act as an oncogene when mutated |
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| any of a number of proteins that bind to membrane receptors and initiate intracellular signaling systems that result in cell growth and division |
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A gene that normally functions to inhibit cell division; mutated forms can lead to the unrestrained cell division of cancer, but only when both copies of the gene are mutant. |
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