Term
| primary CVD indications for beta-blockers |
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Definition
angina
cardiac arrhythmias
post-myocardial infarction
hypertension
congestive heart failure |
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Term
| why beta-blockers for angina |
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Definition
| reduces myocardial oxygen demand |
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Term
| why beta-blockers for cardiac arrhythmias |
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Definition
| slows AV nodal conduction |
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Term
| why beta-blockers for post-MI |
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Definition
standard of care
reduces myocardial oxygen demand, slows AV nodal conduction
decrease mortality |
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Term
| why beta-blockers for hypertension |
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Definition
| decreases cardiac output, inhibition of renin secretion, possible central inhibition of sympathetic outflow |
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Term
|
Definition
first beta-blocker
ALSO HAS ALPHA1 BLOCKING EFFECTS
reduces mortality and morbidity in CHF
start low dose and increase gradually |
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Term
|
Definition
Class: beta-blocker
Mechanism: competitive antag at beta receptors
Indication: HTN, angina, cardiac arrhythmias, ischemic heart disease
Adverse effects: CARDIAC DEPRESSION (heart failure), BRONCHOCONSTRICTION (asthmatics), HYPOGLYCEMIA, CNS EFFECTS (sedation, nightmaries, insomnia), B-BLOCK WITHDRAWAL SYNDROME
Pharmacokinetics: HIGH FIRST PASS EFFECT |
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Term
| beta-blocker withdrawal syndrome |
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Definition
| heightened sensitivity to the circulating EPI, cause a severe tachycardia |
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Term
|
Definition
Class: beta-blocker
Mechanism: seletive beta1 antag
Indication: HTN, angina, cardiac arrhythmias, ischemic heart disease, congestive heart failure
Adverse effects:
PharmacokinetIcs: HIGH FIRST PASS EFFECT |
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Term
|
Definition
Class: beta-blocker
Mechanism: ULTRA-SHORT ACTING beta antag
???? |
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Term
|
Definition
Class: beta-blockers
Mechanism: intrinsic sympathomimetic activity, aka PARTIAL AGONIST at ALL beta receptors
Indication: HTN
Adverse effects: less cardiac depression, less tendency for bronchoconstriction |
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Term
|
Definition
Class: beta-blockers
Mechanism: one isomer alpha1 antagonist, other isomer nonselective beta antagonist and partial beta2 agonist, decreases renin release
Indication: HTN esp. hypertensive crises
Adverse effects: hypotension, bronchoconstriction, less tachycardia than alpha blockers |
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Term
| effects of 3rd gen beta-blockers |
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Definition
nitric oxide production
agonist activity at beta2 receptors
antagonist activity at alpha1 receptors
Ca++ entry blockade
antioxidant activity |
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Term
| list of 3rd gen beta-blockers |
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Definition
| carteolol, nebivolol, pindolol, labetalol, betaxolol |
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Term
| other less common indications for beta-blockers |
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Definition
| pheochromocytoma, migrain, tremors, performance anxiety, alcohol or opiate withdrawal, hyperthyroidism |
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Term
|
Definition
Class: beta-blockers
Mechanism: non-selective, decreases aqueous humor production
Indication: topical - glaucoma, systemic - HTN and angina
Adverse effects: sufficient systemic absorption from topical can results in heart or airway adverse effects in susceptible patients |
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