Term
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Definition
rays (pass through window glass): penetrate deeper into the dermis; suppress the immune system --> interferes w/ protection against development
Premature aging of the skin (wrinkling and age spots)
"Aging" rays |
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Term
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Definition
UVB rays are sun's burning rays (which are blocked by window glass); primary cause of sunburn; "Burning rays"
Excessive exposure to both forms of UV rays can lead to development of skin cancer |
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Term
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Definition
| very fair, burns easily and severely and does not tan. Blue or green eyes and blond or red hair |
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Definition
| Also fair and burns easily, but gets minimal tan. Blue, hazel or brown eyes and blond, red or brown ahir |
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Definition
| Somewhat darker and sometimes burns then tans |
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Definition
| Darker still, never burns, and always tans rapidly |
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Definition
| Dark brown, very rarely burns, tans very easily |
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Term
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Definition
| Black, never burns, tans very easily |
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Term
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Definition
| Fitzpatrick Scale (aka skin typing test) numerical classifcation schema for the color of skin; classifies response of diff types of skin to UV light; recognized tool for dermatologic research into skin of color; measures several components - genetic disposition, reaction to sun exposure and tanning habits |
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Term
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Definition
| DNA of keratinocytes is directly damaged by UV light (mutation of DNA); injury elicits inflammatory response (sunburn and tanning); failure to repair --> unrestrained growth/tumor formation; induces state of relative immunosuppression (more exposed to allergens or infections) prevents tumor rejection |
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Term
| Solar lentigines definition |
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Definition
Liver or age spots; tan-brown macules which occur in sun-exposed areas - earliest sign of seborrheic keratoses
May evolve into sebhorrheic keratoses |
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Term
| Poikiloderma of Civatte definition |
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Definition
Common in lighter skin types that sunburn easily; mixture of atrophy, telangiectasia, and hyper-/hypopigmentation
Usually seen on anterior neck and V-area of superior cehst; sign of excessive, cumulative sun exposure; women more commonly affected than men |
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Term
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Definition
| Zinc Oxide, Titanium oxide; reflect sunlight |
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Term
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Definition
UVB filters, UVA filters (mexoryl) "anthelios"
Combination of both; absorb UV light |
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Term
| Seborrheic keratosis definition and etiology |
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Definition
| Benign proliferation of keratinocytes; unknown etiology; most common cutaneous neoplasm; mostly in elderly people, increasing incidence w/ age |
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Term
| Symptoms of seborrheic keratosis |
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Definition
Asympatomic unless irritated, variable appearance --> stuck on, waxy or greasy, sharp margins; may resemble MM, pigmented BCC, SCC
Leser Trelat sign: rapid and explosive onset or multiple SK's assoc w/ malignancy, may be seen w/ malignant acanthosis nigricans |
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Term
| Histopathology of seborrheic keratosis |
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Definition
Hyperkeratosis, acanthosis, papillomatosis
Mild, chronic inflammatory cell infiltrate in dermis +/- lichenoid pattern; when irritated, small whorls of prematurely keratinizing cells = squamous eddies are seen |
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Term
| Dermatosis papulosa nigra |
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Definition
| Numerous, firm, flesh-colored, yellow to brown papules; 2-4 mm; under eyelids, on cheeks, axillae, pubic areas and abdomen; proliferate at puberty, women >> men; AA > Asians >Caucasian; no malignant potential; may be removed cosmetically |
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Term
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Definition
Soft, pigmented or flesh-color, pedunculated, irregular or smooth surfaces; around eyelids, neck, axillae; asympatomatic unless pedicle twists --> infarction
Stalk compose of loose collagen fibers and dilated capillaries; Snip with curved iris scissors or destroying using electrocautery or cryotherapy |
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Term
| Clinical features of Nevi |
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Definition
| Proliferations of melanocytes, extremely common in skin; less so on mucous membranes, symmetrical, regular borders, homogenous surface and color round or oval shape; most are 1-6 mm classified as junctional, compound, intradermal |
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Term
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Definition
Unknown etiology, painful sunburns before age 20 assoc w/ nevi dev; genetic predisposition; reg use of broadspectrum sunscreen in children decreases dev of new nevi
Appear after 6-12 mos of age --> enlarge and increase in number |
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Term
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Definition
Small (<1 cm), round, flat or slightly raised; and light to dark brown
Nests of nevus cells located at junction of epidermis and dermis
Most common in children |
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Term
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Definition
Raised and often papillomatous skin-colored to brown to black
Nests of nevus cells are both the junction of epidermis and dermis w/in the dermis |
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Term
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Definition
Lesions are raised w/ smooth or papillary surface. brown to flesh-colored w/ a rubbery texture
Nests of nevus cells are located completely within the dermis |
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Term
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Definition
| Multiple, usually familial, varying in sizes, colors and appearance; asymmetric; irregular borders; increased risk of dev melanoma de novo; risk increased to 100x if any family member has had a melanoma |
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Term
| Spitz nevus (benign juvenile melanoma) |
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Definition
Resembles melanoma clinically and histologically; children/young adults; hairless red to reddish-brown, dome-shaped <0.6 cm
Solitary >> numerous; face and lower extremities; architecturally symmetrical |
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Term
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Definition
Aggregate of melanin-producing cells in dermis
Single >> multiple; no malignant potential; <1.0 cm, well-circumscribed, dome shaped blue to black papules
Hands, feet, and head
Congenital or acquired by late childhood
Elongated, wavy dendritic melanin-containing cells; process extend in bundles parallel to epidermis
Small, unchanging blue nevi in adults require no therapy if suddenly appears or becomes larger exam required |
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Term
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Definition
Multiple, benign tumors of eccrine glands; fluctuate in size depending on environmental temp; common on lower eyelids > genitalia, buttocks, scalp
Clear cell variant assoc w/ diabetes |
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Term
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Definition
| benign tumor of fat cells, soft, mobile; asympatomic single >>> multiple, lipocyte |
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Term
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Definition
Common, 1-3 mm, soft, yellow, umbilicating papules; face and forehead; middle-aged or older; can mimic BCC; may need a biopsy
Single enlarged sebaceous gland w/ many lobules grouped around a central dilated duct |
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Term
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Definition
Common, 1-2 mm white papules; keratin filled cysts in upper segment of hair follicle; arise from pilosebaceous unit; secondary to trauma/sun damage or blistering disorders
Rx- superficial incision and expression (comedo extractor) |
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Term
| Solar comedone (favre-racouchot syndrome) |
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Definition
Numerous open, dilated, and cystic blackheads; elderly individuals w/ extensive sun damage; epidermis normal; solar elastosis; dilated pilosebaceous openings, distended, horn-filled follicles; sebaceous gland atrophy
Treatment is limited due to severe underlying solar damage and extraction of central core |
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Term
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Definition
Blue to violaceous, compressible dilated venule; men > women; assoc w/ sun damage; helix, anti-helix and lip
May mimic MM or pigement BCC |
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