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| Father of Communism. Marx sees the historical process as proceeding through a necessary series of modes of production, culminating in communism. Marx's economic analysis of capitalism is based on his version of the labour theory of value, and includes the analysis of capitalist profit as the extraction of surplus value from the exploited proletariat. The analysis of history and economics come together in Marx's prediction of the inevitable breakdown of capitalism for economic reasons, to be replaced by communism. |
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| He argues that property is a natural right and it is derived from labour. Natural rights to life, liberty, and property |
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| Popular sovereignty is the belief that the state is created by and therefore subject to the will of its people, who are the source of all political power. |
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an essential agreement between large and small states reached during the Philadelphia Convention of 1787 that in part defined the legislative structure and representation that each state would have under the United States Constitution. It proposed a bicameral legislature, resulting in the current United States Senate and House of Representatives
Also known as the Connecticut Compromise |
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| a political philosophy in which a group of members are bound together with a governing representative head |
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| the power of a court to review the actions of public sector bodies in terms of their constitutionality. In some jurisdictions it is also possible to review the constitutionality of the law itself. |
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| A veto gives power, possibly unlimited, to stop changes, but not to adopt them. It is used to denote that a certain party has the right to stop unilaterally a certain piece of legislation. In practice, the veto can be absolute or limited. |
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| the act of giving official sanction to a formal document such as a treaty or constitution. It includes the process of adopting an international treaty by the legislature, a constitution, or another nationally binding document (such as an amendment to a constitution) by the agreement of multiple sub-national entities. |
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| powers held by both the states and the federal government and may be exercised simultaneously within the same territory and in relation to the same body of citizens. |
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Congress may exercise only those powers that are stated in the Constitution.
Also known as Enumerated Powers |
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| the state has no responsibility to engage in intervention to maintain a desired wealth distribution or to create a welfare state to protect people from poverty, instead relying on charity and the market system. Laissez-faire also embodies the notion that a government should not be in the business of granting privileges. |
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Also known as capitalist economy.
Economic system in which decisions on production and consumption of goods and services are based on voluntary exchange of markets. |
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(Draws back to 1st amendment - right to peacefully assemble)
"Much of our history has been built out of incidents in which people have purposely violated the law, nonviolently but nonetheless deliberately, as a means of expressing their opposition to some particular law or public policy. |
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Of or from the people, the average voters.
"Folks back home" |
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| Formal approval, final consent to the effectiveness of a constitution, constitutional amendement, or treaty. |
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| Executive's power to reject a bill passed by a legislature, literally ("I forbid") in Latin. |
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| The first 10 amendments to the consitution. |
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| those powers that the Constitution does not grant to the National Gov't and does not, at the same time, deny to the States. |
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| A theory which suggests that gov't should play a very limited role in society. |
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A political system dominated by two major parties.
(United States is pretty much a Two-Party System - Democrats/Republicans) |
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| One of the political parties not widely supported |
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| An election held within a party to pick that party's candidates for the general election. |
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| Radical, Liberal, Moderate, Conservative, Reactionary |
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| A group of persons who seek to control gov't through the winning of elections and the holding of public office. |
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| Someone who owns capital and puts it to productive use; often applied to people who own large businesses. |
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| An economy in which private enterprise exists in combination with a considerable amount of gov't regulation and promotion |
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| A philosophy based on the idea that the benefits of economic activity should be fairly distributed. |
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| The drawing of electoral district lines to the advantage of a party or group. |
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| Activities by which group pressures are brought to bear on legistlators, the legislative process, and all aspects of the public-policy-making process. |
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The public issues on which the people's attention is focused. |
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| The effect of a strong candidate running for an office at the top of a ballot helping to attract voters to other candidates on the party's ticket. |
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| Provisions made for those unable to get to their regular polling places on election day. |
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| Campaign money that is subject to regulations by the FEC |
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| Money given to State and local party organizations for voting-related activites. |
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| Short, sharply focused reports that can be aired in 30 or 45 seconds. |
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| A certain number of randomly selected people who live in a certain number of randomly selected places. |
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| Private organizations whose members share certain views and work to shape public policy. |
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| As a nominating device, a grou p of like-limded people who meet to select the candidates theyw ill support in an upcoming election. |
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| A party nominating election in while only declared party members can vote. |
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| A party nominating election in which any qualified voter can take part. |
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| The device voteres use to register a choice in an election. |
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| Political Acton Committees |
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| The political extension of special interest groups which have a major stake in public policy. |
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| Those means of communication that reach large audiences, especially television, radio, printed publications, and the Internet. |
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| The complex collection of the opinions of many different people; the sum of all their views. |
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| Officially called the Opinion of the Court; announces the Court's decision in a case and sets out the reasoning upon which it is based. |
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| Those delegated powers of the National Gov't that are suggested by the expressed powers setout in the Constitution; those "necessary and proper " to carry out the expressed power. |
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