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| Citizens (non-economic) groups: |
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Definition
| organized interests formed by individuals drawn together by opportunities to promote a cause but that doesn’t provide them significant individual econ. benefits. |
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| Collective (public) goods |
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| Benefits that are offered by groups usually citizen groups as an incentive for membership but are non-divisible (such as a clean environment) and thus are available to nonmembers as well. |
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| irect communication b/w organized interests and policy makers which is valued due to “inside” contacts w/policy makers |
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| Interest group liberalism |
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| Tendency of public officials to support the policy demands of self-interested group as opposed to judging policy demands according to whether they serve a larger conception of the public interest. |
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| Small and informal but relatively stable group of well positioned leg. execs and lobbyists who seek to promote policies beneficial to a particular interest |
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| Informed network of public officials and lobbyists who have a common interest and expertise in a given area and are brought together temporarily by a proposed policy |
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| Process by which interest group members or lobbyists attempt to influence public policy through contact with public officials. |
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| Private (individual) goods |
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| Benefits that a group mostly economic can grant directly and exclusively to group the individual members of the group. |
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| : The situation in which separate groups are organized around nearly every conceivable policy issue and press their demands and influence to the utmost |
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| Power of the media through news to focus the public on certain events, problems, issues, etc. |
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| Medias function as an open channel thru which political leaders can communicate with the public. |
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| Process of selecting certain aspects of reality and making them the most salient part of the comm. thereby conveying a particular interpretation of a situation. |
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| Efforts by media actors to influence public response of a party, leader, issue, or view. |
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| Newspapers and other media that openly support a party and whose news follows the party line |
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| Signaling (signaler) functio |
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Definition
| n accepted responsibility of the media to alert the public to important developments as soon as possible after they happen or are discovered. |
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Parliamentary maneuver that if a 3/5ths majority votes for it limits Senate debate to 36 hrs. and has the effect of defeating a filibuster.
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| Temp committees that are formed to bargain over the diffs in the House and Senate versions of a bill. They usually are appointed from the House and Senate standing committees that originally worked on the bill |
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| : Procedural tactic in the Senate whereby a minority of legislators prevents a bill from coming to a vote by holding the floor and talking until the majority gives in and the bill is withdrawn |
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Process by which the party in power draws the election district boundaries in a way that advantages its candidate
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Term
| Jurisdiction of a congressional committee |
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Definition
Policy area in which a particular congressional committee is authorized to act.
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Term
| Law as enacted by Congress |
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Definition
| Legislative proposal or bill that is passed by the House and Senate and is either signed or not vetoed by the Prez |
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| Authority of a legislature to make the laws neccessary. to carry out gvmt power |
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| members of the House and Senate who are chosen by Dem or Rep caucus in each chamber to rep the party’s interests in that chamber and who give some central direction to the chambers deliberations |
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| Legislative acts whose tangible benefits are targeted at a particular legislators constituency |
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| process of altering election districts in order to make them as nearly equal in pop as possible. Takes place every ten years after the census. |
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| Amendment to a bill that deals with an issue unrelated to the content. Permitted in the house but not the Senate. |
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| Use of personal staff by members of Congress to perform services for constituents in order to gain their support in future elections. |
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Permanent congressional committees w/responsibility for a particular area of policy
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| Permanent congressional committees w/responsibility for a particular area of policy |
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| Group of people consisting of heads of the cabinet executive depts. who are appointed by the prez, subject to confirmation by the Senate. Was once the main advisory body to the president but no longer plays the role. |
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meetings where a party’s candidates for nom are voted in and that are open to all the party’s rank and file voters who want to attend
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| Theory that argues for a strong assertive presidential role with presidential authority limited only at points specifically prohibited by law. |
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| rule that grants all of a state’s electoral votes to the candidate who receives |
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