Reflex

simple relation between a

specific stimulus and an innate involuntary

response

Reflex

response is elicited by a stimulus. Reflexes are highly stereotypic;

they are remarkably invariant in form, frequency, strength, and time of appearance during development

Reflex

Unconditioned or unlearned reflex

Reflex

mediated by the autonomic nervous system (ANS)

Reflex

striated (skeletal) muscles,

most reflexes usually involve the

smooth muscles and glands

Reflex

Patellar reflex (knee-jerk)

Reflex

Eye blink reflex

Reflex

Lachrimal reflex

Reflex

Pupillary reflex

Reflex

Respiratory

Reflex

Sneeze

Reflex

Cough

Reflex

Rooting

Reflex

Sucking

Reflex

Salivation

Reflex

Swallow

Reflex

Peristalsis

Reflex

Reverse peristalsis

Reflex

Temperature

Reflex

Sound

Reflex

Activation syndrome

Reflex

Withdrawal

Unconditioned Stimulus

stimulus that elicits an

unconditioned response without

prior learning

Unconditioned Stimulus

stimuli that relate

to reflexes and Respondent

behavior

Unconditioned Response

elicited by an

unconditioned stimulus without

prior learning

Unconditioned Response

response part of a reflex

Elicit

strongly, consistently,

and reliably evoke

Elicit

Only used in respondent relations

Learning

Relatively permanent change in behavior as a result of experience

Learning

occurs through

Respondent or Operant processes

Habituation

Reduction in the strength of a reflex response brought about by

repeated exposure to a stimulus that elicits that response

Sensitization

tendency of a stimulus to elicit a reflex response following the elicitation of that response by a

different stimulus

Pairing

Concurrently presenting two stimuli

Consequential operations

• Presenting (onset or magnification)
• Withdrawing (offset or attenuation), or

• Withholding a stimulus

Signaling operations

When a stimulus “signals” that a

consequence will occur if a

response is emitted in the

presence of that stimulus

Contiguity

nearness of

events in time

Temporal contiguity

S1–S2 (pairing)

R–S (consequating)

Contingency

one depends upon the

Other

Contingency

If X and Only If X, Then Y

Types of contingencies

•    S-S contingencies

•    R-S contingencie

• S-R-S

S-S contingency

one event is dependent upon another event

S-S contingency

in pairing and

signaling a stimulus

R-S Contingency

the event is dependent upon the

response

R-S Contingency

when the consequence never occurs in the absence of a specific

response

Contingencies

NOT the same as a functional relation

Respondent behavior

Solely under the control of antecedent stimuli

Respondent behavior

The central cortex is bypassed

Respondent conditioning

involves simple pairing of stimuli

Operant behavior

Behavior which operates or acts upon the environment

Operant behavior

It is emitted or evoked rather than

Elicited

Operant behavior

at least partially

under the control of consequences

Operant behavior

under the control of both antecedents and consequences

Behavior altering

When a stimulus produces an

immediate and momentary

change in the frequency,

magnitude, or latency of a

response class

Behavior altering relations

the change is only temporary

Behavior altering relations

antecedent evokes or abates a

response

Evocative effects

immediately and momentarily

increase the frequency of that

behavior

Abative effects

immediately and momentarily decrease the frequency of that behavior

Elicit

to strongly, consistently, and reliably evoke

Function Altering Relations

when an environmental event produces a relatively permanent

alteration in a functional

relation between environment

and behavior

Phylogenic Provenance

effect of the stimulus on a

specific response may be innate,

due to the evolutionary history of

that species

Ontogenic Provenance

effect of the stimulus

on a specific response may be

learned, due to the experiential

history of the individual organism in the environment

Conditioned Reflex

relation between a specific

stimulus and an innate

“involuntary” response.

Conditioned Reflex

a response is elicited by a stimulus that has been paired with an unconditioned stimulus

Neutral Stimulus

A stimulus which has no

effect on behavior

Conditioned Stimulus

A stimulus which elicits a conditioned response due to prior learning; that is, due to ontogenic provenance

Conditioned Response

A response which is elicited by a

conditioned stimulus due to prior

learning

Respondent Extinction

process through which a

Conditioned Reflex is weakened

by discontinuing to pair the CS

with the US.

Respondent Extinction

repeatedly presenting a CS without the US until the CS no longer elicits the conditioned response

Respondent Spontaneous

Recovery

sudden reappearance of a

previously extinguished CR