Term
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Definition
| actions and behaviors that individuals are conscious of and performing because others are around |
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Term
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Definition
| people tend to perform better on simples tasks when in the presence of others |
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Term
| Yerkes-Dodson law of social faciliation |
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Definition
| being in the presence of other will significantly raise arousal, which enhances the ability to perform tasks one is already good at and hinders perforance of less familiar tasks |
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Term
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Definition
| the loss of self awareness in large groups wihch can lead to drastic changes in behavior |
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Term
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Definition
| behavior against the norm |
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Term
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Definition
| occurs in social groups when individuals do not intervene to help victims when others are persent; likelihood and timeliness of response is inversely related to the size of the group |
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Term
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Definition
| tendency of individuals to put in less effort when in a group setting than individually |
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Term
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Definition
| social influence placed on an individual by a group of people or another individual |
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Term
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Definition
| the shift in identity to eliminate internal conflict that arises from conforming to the norms, norms that are outside normal behavior, of a group |
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Term
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Definition
| the simultaneous presence of two opposing thoughts |
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Term
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Definition
| the tendency for groups to make decisions that are more extreme than the individual ideas and inclinations of the members within the group |
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Term
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Definition
| a social phenomenon in which desire for harmony or conformity within a group leads to coming to an incorrect or poor decision |
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Term
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Definition
| the beliefs, behaviors, actions, and characteristics of a group or society of people |
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Term
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Definition
| the process by which a group or individual's culture begins to melt into another culture |
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Term
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Definition
| communities or societies containing multiple cultures and the encouragment of these multiple cultures to create diversity |
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Term
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Definition
| a group of people within a culture that distinguish themselves from the primary culture to which they belong |
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Term
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Definition
| the process of developing, inheriting, and spreading norms, customs, and beliefs |
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Term
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Definition
| the spread of norms, customs, and beliefs, especially new ones, throughout a culture |
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Term
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Definition
| the way in which a society socializes its members |
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Term
| primary vs secondary socialization |
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Definition
primary occurs during childhood when we learn acceptable actions and attitudes from watching our parents
secondary occurs in adolescence and adulthood when we learn appropriate behavior in smaller sections of society ie church or school |
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Term
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Definition
| societal rules that define the boundaries of acceptable behavior |
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Term
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Definition
| widely observed social norms |
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Term
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Definition
| socially reprehensible, unacceptable or disgusting |
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Term
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Definition
| groups that promote socialization and include but aren't limited to family, peers, school, religious affiliation |
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Term
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Definition
| refers to any violations of norms, rules, or expectations |
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Term
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Definition
| extreme disapproval or dislike of a person based on perceived difference from the rest of society |
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Term
| differential association theory |
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Definition
| if you associate with people who engage in deviant behavior you will too |
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Term
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Definition
| explains deviance as the disconnect between social goals and social structure |
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Term
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Definition
| matching one's attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors to societal norms often due to pressure |
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Term
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Definition
| occurs when individuals change their behavior based on the requests of others. Methods of gaining compliance include the foot-in-the-door technique, door-in-the-face technique, lowball technique and that's-not-all technique, among others |
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Term
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Definition
| change in behavior based on a command from someone seen as an authority figure |
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Term
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Definition
| tendencies toward expression of positive or negative feelings or evaluations of something |
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Term
| What are the three components to attitude? |
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Definition
- affective - the way a person feels about something
- behavioral - the way a person acts with respect to something
- cognitive - the way an individual thinks about something, usually is the way they justifiy the affective and behavioral aspects
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Term
| functional attitudes theory |
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Definition
attitude provides four functions
- knowledge - provides consistency and stability
- ego-expressive - allows us to communicate and solidify self identity
- adaptive - acceptance is gained if socially acceptable attitudes are expressed
- ego-defensive - protect our self-esteem or justify actions we know are wrong
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Term
| learning theory of attitude |
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Definition
| posits that attitudes are developed through different forms of learning; direct contact, watching others, associative learning |
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Term
| elaboration likelihood model |
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Definition
| states that attitudes are formed and changed through different routes of information processing based on the degree of elaboration |
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Term
| social cognitive theory of attitude |
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Definition
| states that attitudes are formed through observationof behavior, personal factors, and environment |
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