Term
| extrinsic vs. intrinsic motivation |
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Definition
| external motivation (incentives) vs. motivation from within oneself |
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Term
| insinct theory of motivation |
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Definition
| people are driven to do certain vehaviors based on evolutionarily prgorammed instincts |
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Term
| arousal theory of motivation |
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Definition
| people perform actions in order to maintain an optimal level of arousal |
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Term
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Definition
| postulates a U-shaped function between the level of arousal and performanc with intermediate arousal being optimal for performance |
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Term
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Definition
| internal states of tension that activate particular behaviors focused on goals |
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Term
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Definition
| food, water, warmth, etc. |
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Term
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Definition
| not directly related to biological processes |
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Term
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Definition
| motivation is based on the goal of eliminating uncomfortable states |
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Term
| Maslow's heirarchy of needs |
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Definition
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Term
| self-determination theory |
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Definition
emphasizes the role of three universal needs:
- autonomy - the need to be in control of one's actions and ideas
- competence - the need to complete and excel at difficult tasks
- relatedness - the need to feel accepted and wanted in relationships
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Term
| incentive theory of motivation |
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Definition
| behavior is motivated not by need or arousal, but by the desire to pursue rewards and to avoid punishments |
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Term
| expectancy-value theory of motivation |
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Definition
| states that the amount of motivation needed to reach a goal is the result of both the individual's expectation of success in reaching the goal and the degree to which he or she values succeeding at the goal |
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Term
| opponent-process theory of motivation |
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Definition
| explains that when a drug is taken repeatedly, the body will attempt to counteract the effects of the drug by changing its physiology, this change will last longer than the drug leading to withdrawal symptoms and motivating further use |
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Term
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Definition
| a state of mind that is subjectively experienced based on mood, circumstances and relationships |
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Term
| What are the three elements of emotion? Describe them. |
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Definition
- Physiological response - changes in the autonomic nervous system, ie heart rate, temperature
- behavioral response - facial expressions and body language
- cognitive response - subjective interpretation of the feeling
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Term
| What are the 7 universal emotions? |
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Definition
- Happiness
- Sadness
- Contempt
- Surprise
- Fear
- Disgust
- Anger
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Term
| James-Lange theory of emotion |
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Definition
- stimulus
- nervous system arousal (physiologic response)
- conscious emotion
I must be angry becaues my skin is hot and my blood pressure is high. |
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Term
| Cannon-Bard theory of emotion |
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Definition
- stimulus
- nervous system arousal (physiological response) and conscious emotion happen simultaneously
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Term
| Schachter-Singer theory of emotion |
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Definition
cognitive arousal theory or two-factor theory
- stimulus
- nervous system arousal (physiologic response) and cognitive appraisal
- conscious emotion
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Term
| What are the components of the limbic system? |
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Definition
- amygdala
- thalamus
- hypothalamus
- hippocampus
- prefrontal cortex
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Term
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Definition
| involved with attention and fear, helps interpret fcial expressions, and is part of the intrinsic memory system for emotional memory |
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Term
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Definition
| sensory processing station |
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Term
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Definition
| releases neurotransmitters that affect mood and arousal |
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Term
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Definition
| creat long-term explicit memories |
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Term
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Definition
| involved with planning, expressing personality, and making decisions |
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Term
| ventral prefrontal cortex |
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Definition
| critical for experiencing emotion |
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Term
| ventromedial prefrontal cortex |
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Definition
| involved in controlling emotional responses from the amygdala and decision-making |
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Term
| What are the stages of stress appraisal? |
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Definition
- Primary appraisal - classifiying a potential stressor as irrelevant, benign-positive, or stressful
- Secondary appraisal - begins if primary appraisal deems stressor as a threat, directed at evaluting if the organism can cope with teh stress, based on harm, threat and challenge
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Term
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Definition
| anything that leads to a stress response, can be minimal or catastrophic |
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Term
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Definition
| occurs when experiencing unpleasant stressors vs. the result of positive conditions |
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Term
| What are the three stages of general adaptation syndrome? |
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Definition
- alarm
- resistance
- exhaustion
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