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Behavioral Sciences Ch. 11 - Social Structure and Demographi
MCAT
35
Psychology
Undergraduate 1
05/19/2016

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Term
functionalism
Definition
focuses on the function of each component of society and how those components fit together
Term
manifest functions
Definition
deliberate actions that serve to help a given system
Term
latent functions
Definition
unexpected, unintended, or unrecognized positive consequences of manifest functions
Term
conflict theory
Definition
focuses on how power differentials are created and how these differentials contribute to the maintenance of social order
Term
symbolic interactionism
Definition
the study of the ways individuals interact through a shared understanding of words, gestures, and other symbols
Term
social constructionism
Definition
exlpores the ways in which individuals adn groups make decisions to agree upon a given social reality
Term
rational choice theory
Definition
states that individuals will make decisions that maximize potential benefit and minimize potential harm
Term
exchange theory
Definition
the application of rational choice theory to interactions within social groups
Term
feminist theory
Definition
explores the ways in which one gender can be subordinated, minimized, or devalued compared to the other
Term
social institutions
Definition
well established social structures that dictate certain paterns of behavior or relationships and are accepted as a fundamental part of culture; ie family, education, religion, government, health and medicine
Term
material culture
Definition
includes the physical items one associates with a given group, such as artwork, emblems, clothing, jewelry, foods, building, and tools
Term
symbolic culture
Definition
includes the ideas associated with a cultural group
Term
cultural lag
Definition
refers to the idea that material culture changes more quickly than symbolic culture
Term
language
Definition
consists of spoken or written symbols combined into a system and governed by rules
Term
cultural barrier
Definition
a social difference that impedes interaction
Term
value
Definition
what a person deems important in life
Term
belief
Definition
something a person considers to be true
Term
ritual
Definition
formalized ceremonial behavior in which members of a group or community regularly engage
Term
demographics
Definition
refers to the statistics of populations and are the mathematical applications of sociology; age, gener, race and ethnicity, sexual orientation, and immigration status are all demographic variables
Term
ageism
Definition
prejudice or discrimination on the basis of a person's age
Term
gender
Definition
the set of behavioral, cultural, or pscyhological traits typically associated with a biological sex
Term
Gender inequality
Definition
the intentional or unintentional empowerment of one gender to the detriment of the other
Term
Race
Definition
a social construct based on phenotypic difference between groups of people; may be real or perceived differences
Term
ethnicity
Definition
a social construct that sort people by cultural factors, including language, nationality, religion, and other factors
Term
symbolic ethnicity
Definition
ethnicity that is only relevant on special occasions or in specific circumstances
Term
sexual orientation
Definition
defiend by one's sexual interest toward member's of the same, opposite, or both sexes
Term
immigration
Definition
the movement into a new geographic area
Term
emigration
Definition
the movement away from a geographic area
Term
fertility rate
Definition
average number of children born to a woman during her lifetime in a population
Term
birth rate
Definition
relative to a population size over time, usually measured as the number of births per 1000 people per year
Term
mortality rate
Definition
average number of deaths per population size over time, usually measured as the number of deaths per 1000 people per year
Term
demographic transition
Definition
a model used to represent drops in birth and death rates as a result of industrialization
Term
social movements
Definition
organized to promote (proactive) or resist (reactive) social change
Term
globalization
Definition
the process of integrating a global economy with free trade and tapping of foreign labor markets
Term
urbanization
Definition
the process of dense areas of population creating a pull for migration; in other words, creating cities
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