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Behavioral Sciences Ch. 10 - Social Thinking
MCAT
35
Psychology
Undergraduate 1
05/19/2016

Additional Psychology Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
interpersonal attraction
Definition

what makes people like each other and is influence by multiple factors

  • physical attractiveness
  • similarity of attitudes, intelligence, education, height, age, religion, appearance and socioeconomic status
  • self-disclosure
  • reciprocity
  • proximity
Term
self-disclosure
Definition
includes sharing fears, thoughts, and goals with another person and being met with empathy and nonjudgement; increases interpersonal attraction
Term
reciprocity
Definition
we like people who we think like us; increases interpersonal attraction
Term
proximity
Definition
being physically close to someone; increases interpersonal attraction
Term
agression
Definition
a physical, verbal, or nonverbal behavior with the intention to cause harm or increase social dominance
Term
cognitive neoassociation model
Definition
we are more likely to respond to others aggressively whenever we are feeling negative emotions such as being tired, sick, in pain
Term
attachment
Definition

an emotional bond to another person, and usually refers to the bond between a child and a caregiver, there are 4 types

 

Term
secure attachment
Definition
requires a consistent caregiver so the child is able to go out and explore, knowing he or she has a secure base to return to; the child will show strong preference for the caregiver
Term
avoidant attachment
Definition
occurs when a caregiver has little or no response to a distressed, crying child; the child shows no preference for the caregiver compared to strangers
Term
ambivalent attachment
Definition
occures when a caregiver has an inconsistent response to a child's distress, sometimes responding appropriately, sometimes neglectful; the child will become distressed when caregiver leaves and is ambivalent when he or she returns
Term
disorganized attachment
Definition
occurs when a caregiver is erratic or abusive; the child shows now clear pattern of behavior in response to caregiver's absence or presence and may show repetitive behaviors
Term

social support

What are the 5 types?

Definition

the perception or reality that one is cared for by a social network

  • emotional support - empathizing with someone
  • esteem support - affirms qualities/skills of a person
  • material support - money or resources
  • informational support - information
  • network support - provide a sense of belonging
Term
mate choice
Definition

selection of a mate based on attraction and traits 

  • observable traits
  • indicator traits
  • genetic compatibility
Term
altruism
Definition
a form of helping behavior in which the person's intent is to benefit someone else at some cost to him- or herself
Term
game theory
Definition
attempts to explain decision-making between individual as if they are participating in a game
Term
inclusive fitness
Definition
a measure of an organism's success in the population that is based on the number of offspring, success in supporting offspring, and the ability of offspring to then support others
Term
social perception
Definition
aka social cognition; the way by which we generate impressions about people in our social environment; it contains a perceiver, his target, and the situation or social context of the scenario
Term
implicit personality theory
Definition
states that people make assumptions about how different types of people, their traits, and behavior are related
Term
How does the primacy effect impact our perceptions of others?
Definition
the first impression made is more important than subsequent impressions and other interactions after the first will be framed in light of the first
Term
How does the recency effect impact our perceptions of others?
Definition
the most recent information we have about an individual is most important in forming our impressions
Term
reliance on central traits
Definition
the tendency to organize the perceptions of others based on traits and personal characteristics that matter to the perceiver
Term
halo effect
Definition
when judgments of an individual's character can be affected by the overall impression of the individual
Term
just-world hypothesis
Definition
belief that good things happen to good people and bad things to bad people
Term
self-serving bias
Definition
refers to the fact that individuals will view their own successes as being based on internal factors, while viewing failures as being based on external factors
Term

attribution theory

What are the two kinds of attribution?

Definition

focuses on the tendency for individuals to infer the causes of other people's behavior

  • dispositional (internal) causes are those that relate to the characteristics of the person whose behavior is being evaluated
  • situational (external) causes are related to the features of the surroundings or social context
Term
correspondent inference theory
Definition
used to describe attributions made by observing the intentional (especially unexpected) behaviors performed by another person
Term
fundamental attribution error
Definition
the bias toward making dispositional attributions rather than situational attributions in regard to the actions of others
Term
attribution substitution
Definition
occurs when individuals must make complex judgements but subsitute a simpler solution or heuristic
Term
stereotypes
Definition
occur when attitudes and impressions are made based on limited and superficial information about a person or a group of individuals
Term
self-fulfilling prophecy
Definition
confirmation of a stereotype due to conditions created by the expectations resulting from the stereotype
Term
stereotype threat
Definition
concern or anxiety about confimring negative stereotoypes about one's social group
Term
prejudice
Definition
an irrational positie or negative attitude toward a person, group, or thing prior to an actual experience
Term
ethnocentrism
Definition
the practice of making judgments about other culturs based on the values and beliefs of one's own culture
Term
cultural relativism
Definition
the recognition that social groups and cultures should be studied on their own terms
Term
discrimination
Definition
when prejudicial attitudes caues individuals of a particular group to be treated differently from others
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