Term
| Provide an example of how a behavior has an impact on the physical enviroment and on the social enviorment. |
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Definition
| You turn the light switch and the light goes on (an effect of the physicl enviroment). You raise your hand in class and your professor calls on you (social effect on yourself) |
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Term
| Behavior has an impact on the __________ and/or___________environment. |
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Definition
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Term
| Describe the three physical dimensions of behavior that can be observed and recorded. |
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Definition
| frequency, duration, and intensity |
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Term
| What is the basic definition of human behavior? |
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Definition
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Term
| ABC observation definition |
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Definition
A form of direct observation in which information
regarding the Antecedents to behavior, target Behaviors, and Consequences
to behavior are recorded. |
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Term
| What are the parts of the three-part contingency? |
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Definition
| discriminative stimulus, operant response, and reinforcer/punisher |
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Term
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Definition
| Classical conditioning is used by trainers for two purposes: To condition (train) autonomic responses, such as the drooling, producing adrenaline, or reducing adrenaline (calming) without using the stimuli that would naturally create such a response; and, to create an association between a stimulus that normally would not have any effect on the animal and a stimulus that would. |
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Term
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Definition
| Operant conditioning forms an association between a behavior and a consequence |
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Term
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Definition
| is strengthened by the consequence of the stopping or avoiding of a negative condition |
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Term
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Definition
| Think of it as adding something in order to increase a response. For example, adding a treat will increase the response of sitting; adding praise will increase the chances of your child cleaning his or her room. The most common types of positive reinforcement or praise and rewards, and most of us have experienced this as both the giver and receiver. |
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Term
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Definition
| Punishment refers to adding something aversive in order to decrease a behavior. The most common example of this is disciplining (e.g. spanking) a child for misbehaving. The reason we do this is because the child begins to associate being punished with the negative behavior. The punishment is not liked and therefore to avoid it, he or she will stop behaving in that manner. |
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Term
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Definition
| When you remove something in order to decrease a behavior. You are taking something away so that a response is decreased |
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Term
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Definition
| A fixed ratio schedule refers to applying the reinforcement after a specific number of behaviors |
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Term
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Definition
| Applying the reinforcer after a specific amount of time |
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Term
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Definition
| applying a reinforcer after a variable number of responses |
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Term
| Negative Punishment examples |
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Definition
| When a child "talks back" to his/her mother, the child may lose the privilege of watching her favorite television program. Therefore, the loss of viewing privileges will act as a negative punisher and decrease the likelihood of the child talking back in the future. |
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Term
| Functional assessment vs functional analysis |
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Definition
(a) interviews and rating scales,
(b) direct and systematic observation of the person's behavior, and
(c) manipulating different environmental events to see how behavior changes.
The first two are generally referred to as functional assessments whereas the third is generally referred to as a functional analysis. |
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Term
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Definition
| The correlation coefficient is a measure of correlation strength and can range from –1.00 to +1.00. |
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Term
| Two functionally distinct types of behavior important to behavior analysis |
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Definition
| Respondent and operant behaviors are considered functionally distinct. Respondent behaviors include reflexes, such as the eye blink, where the response is elicited; operant behavior is behavior strengthened by its consequences. |
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Term
| Which of the following is considered a property of behavior amenable to measurement |
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Definition
| Although the definition of behavior includes movement, also known as displacements in space through time, the best answer for this question is temporal locus-which means when in time a behavior occurs. |
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Term
| A _____ denotes a set or collection of knowledge and skills a person has learned that are relevant to particular settings or tasks |
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Definition
| Repertoire refers to a collection of behaviors. |
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Term
| Behavior is affected by stimulus changes that occur prior to and immediately after the behavior. The term _____ refers to environmental conditions or stimulus changes that exist or occur prior to the behavior of interest |
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Definition
| Stimulus changes that occur prior to the behavior are referred to as antecedent events, whereas those that occur immediately after the behavior are referred to as consequences. |
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Term
| A behavior that is elicited by antecedent stimuli and is "brought about" by a stimulus that precedes it is: |
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Definition
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Term
| A response is followed by a stimulus change, the effect of which is an increase in the future frequency of behavior. Which type of stimulus-change operation most likely occurred? |
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Definition
| The effect was a decrease in the future frequency of behavior; therefore, the answer is reinforcement. |
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Term
| A response is followed by a stimulus change, the effect of which is a decrease in the future frequency of behavior. Which type of stimulus-change operation most likely occurred? |
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Definition
| The effect was a decrease in the future frequency of behavior; therefore, the answer is punishment |
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Term
| Answering the door when you hear the door bell and not when it is silent is an example of behavior being under |
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Definition
Stimulus control
Because a discriminated operant occurs at a higher frequency in the presence of a given stimulus than it does in the absence of that stimulus, it is said to be under stimulus control. |
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Term
| A behavior that occurs more frequently under some antecedent conditions than it does in others is called a(n): |
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Definition
Discriminated operant
Reinforcement selects not just certain forms of behavior; it also selects environmental conditions that in the future will evoke (increase) instances of the response class. |
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Term
| Food deprivation may alter the momentary effectiveness of food as a reinforcer. Food deprivation is an example of a(n): |
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Definition
| A certain level of food deprivation is necessary for food to function as a reinforcer. However, food is unlikely to function as reinforcement for a person who has recently eaten a lot of food (satiation). |
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Term
| The term "contingent" as used in behavior analysis refers to the dependent relationship of a particular consequence on the occurrence of behavior and is also used in reference to the _________ contiguity of behavior and its consequences. |
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Definition
| Behavior is selected by the consequences that immediately follow it, irrespective of whether those consequences were produced or depended upon the behavior- "the only important property of the contingency is temporal." |
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Term
| _______ behavior is elicited by antecedent stimuli. |
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Definition
| Respondent behaviors are "elicited" and are "reflexive" in nature. They are linked only to antecedent events. Operant behaviors are "emitted" by the individual and are "voluntary" in nature. They are linked to both antecedent and consequent events. "Temporal" refers to time and is not a description of behavior. |
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Term
| Conditioned _______ are the product of respondent conditioning. |
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Definition
| New stimuli can acquire the ability to elicit respondents. This type of learning is associated most with Ivan Petrovich Pavlov |
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Term
| Operant conditioning encompasses: |
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Definition
| Operant conditioning refers to the process and selective effects of consequences on behavior. |
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