Term
| What is the difference between your hippocampus on saline and your hippocampus on meth? |
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Definition
| The hippocampus on meth has less spines and branches than the hippocampus on saline. |
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Term
| Where is the anterior part of the brain located? |
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Definition
| Near the front of the head |
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Term
| Where is the caudal part of the brain located? |
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Definition
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Term
| Where is the dorsal part of the brain located? |
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Definition
| On or towards the back or above the head |
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Term
| What is the frontal viewing orientation? |
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Definition
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Term
| Where is the inferior part of the brain located? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the lateral viewing orientation? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the medial viewing orientation? |
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Definition
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Term
| Where is the posterior part of the brain located? |
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Definition
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Term
| Where is the rostral part of the brain located? |
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Definition
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Term
| Where is the sagittal part of the brain located? |
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Definition
| Parallel to the length (front to back) of the skull |
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Term
| Where is the superior part of the brain located? |
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Definition
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Term
| Where does the ventral refer to? |
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Definition
| Toward the belly or below |
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Term
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Definition
| Information coming into the brain or a part of the brain |
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Term
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Definition
| Information leaving the brain or a part of the brain. |
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Term
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Definition
| Part of the brain's surface, a tough/3 layered structure that covers the brain |
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Term
| What is dura mater (hard mother)? |
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Definition
| Outer layer of the meninges, tough double layer of fibrous tissue enclosing the brain |
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Term
| What is arachnoid mater (spider's web)? |
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Definition
| Middle layer of the meninges, delicate connective tissues that follows the brain's contours |
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Term
| What is pia mater (soft mother)? |
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Definition
| Inner layer of the meninges, moderately tough membrane of connective tissue fibers that cling to the surface of the brain |
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Term
| What is located between arachnoid and pia mater? |
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Definition
| Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) |
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Term
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Definition
| Colorless solution of NaCl and other salts |
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Term
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Definition
| Provides a cushion so that the brain can move or expand slightly without pressing on the skull |
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Term
| What type of infection is meningitis? |
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Definition
| An infection of the meninges |
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Term
| What is underneath the pia mater? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the cortex made of? |
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Definition
| "bumps (Gyri)" and "cracks (Sulci)" |
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Term
| What are Sulci that are very deep called? |
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Definition
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Term
| Blood vessels and arteries cover the brain, what is their function? |
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Definition
| To carry blood and oxygen to the brain |
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Term
| What does the blockade of an artery result in? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the 2 major parts of the brain? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| The larger of the 2 parts, consists of 2 cerebral hemispheres |
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Term
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Definition
| A major structure of the hindbrain, involved in motor coordination |
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Term
| What does the cerebrum cover? |
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Definition
| The entire cerebral cortex |
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Term
| Where is the cerebellum located? |
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Definition
| Directly inferior to the occipital complex |
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Term
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Definition
| 4 internal cavities in the brain that contain the CSF |
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Term
| What does the CSf that fill the ventricles with fluid consist of? |
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Definition
| Cells that line the ventricles |
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Term
| What does the CSF act as? |
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Definition
| A shock absorber for the ventricles (they are connected to each other) |
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Term
| What is light tissue within the brain called? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Areas of the central nervous system rich in myleniated axons that create the white appearance |
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Term
| What is dark tissue within the brain called? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Non-myleniated area of the CNS composed of cell bodies and blood vessels that create the gray appearance |
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Term
| What is the corpus callosum? |
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Definition
| Connects the 2 hemispheres with about 200 million fibers that allows communication between them |
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Term
| Where is the one place you will find one of a kind structures in the brain (not duplicated on each side)? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are 3 examples of one of a kind structures in the brain? |
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Definition
| The 3rd ventricle, the 4th ventricle, and the pineal gland |
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Term
| What are 2 main types of cells in the brain? |
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Definition
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Term
| How many neurons are in the brain? Glia? |
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Definition
| 80 billion neurons, 100 billion glia |
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Term
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Definition
| Cells that carry out the brain's major function |
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Term
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Definition
| Supports the neurons by aiding and modulating the neuron's activities |
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Term
| How are neurons connected to each other? |
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Definition
|
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Term
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Definition
| The process which receives information |
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Term
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Definition
| Collections of nerve fibers found within the brain |
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Term
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Definition
| Bundles of fibers outside of the central structures of nerve tracts |
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Term
| What is the cranial nervous system? |
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Definition
| The brain, all of the nerves that connect the brain to the muscles/sensory organs of the head |
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Term
| What is an alternate name for the forebrain? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the 3 divisions of the forebrain? |
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Definition
| Cerebral cortex, basal ganglia, and the limbic system |
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Term
| What are the 2 divisions of the Diencephalon? |
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Definition
| Thalamus and hypothalamus |
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Term
| What are the 2 divisions of the midbrain? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the 4 divisions of the hindbrain? |
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Definition
| Cerebellum, pons, medulla oblongata, reticular formation |
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Term
| What does the cranial nerves consist of? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| What is the Cortex's function? |
|
Definition
| Forms the outer later of the brain and is composed of 6 layers |
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|
Term
| What is the basal ganglia's function? |
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Definition
| Involved in motor functions that coordinate limb and body movements, located below the cortex |
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Term
| What is the limbic system? |
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Definition
| Consists of structures that control emotion and memory |
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Term
| What 3 structures does the limbic system contain? |
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Definition
| Amygdala, cingulate cortex, and hippocampal formation |
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|
Term
| What are the 2 types of cerebral cortex? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 6 layers of gray matter on top of white matter, mammals only |
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|
Term
| What is the limbic cortex? |
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Definition
| 3-4 layers of gray matter of top of white matter, ciews the cingulate cortex and lies above the corpus callosum, important in emotion |
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Term
| What % of surface area is the brain comprised of? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the surface area of the human cortex? |
|
Definition
| 2500 square centimeters (1000 square feet) |
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|
Term
| What separates the frontal and parietal cortex? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What separates the frontal and temporal lobe? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| How many layers are in the cortex? Where are cells the most and least dense? |
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Definition
| 6; least dense in layer 1, most dense in layer 6 |
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Term
| What are the 3 principal structures of the basal ganglia? |
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Definition
| Caudate nucleus, putamen, globus pallidus |
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Term
| What 3 structures work with the basal ganglia to control certain aspects of movement? |
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Definition
| Substantia nigra, subthalamic nucleus, thalamus |
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Term
| What disease is commonly afflicted by the basal glangia? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What 3 structures are in the limbic system? |
|
Definition
| Amygdala, huppocampus, and cingulate cortex |
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|
Term
| What is the emotional center of the limbic center? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What 2 parts of the limbic system are involved in memory function? |
|
Definition
| Hippocampus and cingulate cortex |
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|
Term
| What is the Olfactory System? |
|
Definition
| At the very front of the brain, olfactory bulbs are the organs responsible for the sense of smell |
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|
Term
| What is the pyriform cortex? |
|
Definition
| Specialized region of the cortex on the bottom of the brain that receives inputs from the Olfactory system |
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|
Term
| What is the hypothalamus? |
|
Definition
| Directly above the pituitary glad, controls the 4 F's (Feeding, Fighting, Fleeing, and Mating) |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| A gateway for information traveling to the cerebral cortex |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| Relay nuclei that receives most of its information from the eyes and ears |
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|
Term
| What are the 2 principal parts of the tectum? |
|
Definition
| Superior (visual) and inferior (auditory) colliculi |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| Is primarily involved in movement, contains red nucleus and substania nigra |
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Term
| What is the most distinctive feature of the hindbrain? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the hindbrain's function? |
|
Definition
| Control various types of motor functions like breathing and fine movements |
|
|
Term
| The bigger the cerebellum, what happens? |
|
Definition
| Increases physical speed and dexterity and control of complex movements |
|
|
Term
| What is the reticular formation? |
|
Definition
| Mixture of neurons and nerve fibers that form a net-like appearance |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| Controls vital functions such as breathing and the cardiovascular system |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| Receives input for the cerebellum, controls taste and provides a bridge b/t the cerebellum and the rest of the brain |
|
|
Term
| What is the spinal nervous system composed of? |
|
Definition
| The spinal cord and nerves running to and from the skin, joints, and muscles |
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|
Term
| What are the 5 groups of vertebre in the spinal column? |
|
Definition
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