Term
| An axon in your hand causes contraction of a muscle fiber in your finger as you write. This neuron belongs to which branch of the nervous system? |
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Definition
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| According to the Bell-Magendie law: |
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Definition
| Ventral roots carry motor information while dorsal roots carry sensory information |
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| In the spinal cord, white matter is comprised mostly of __, while gray matter is mostly ___. |
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Definition
| Myelinated axons, cell bodies |
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| Which activity is increased by the sympathetic nervous system? |
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Definition
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| Which neurotransmitter is used by the parasympathetic nervous system? |
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Definition
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| What consists of the medulla, the pons, and the cerebellum? |
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Definition
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| Damage to which hindbrain structure would be most life-threatening? |
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Definition
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| The reticular formation is contained within the: |
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Definition
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| The cerebellum contributes to the control of what function? |
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Definition
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| One function of the thalamus is to: |
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Definition
| relay sensory information to the cerebral cortex |
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Term
| Although the pituitary is often called the master gland, it's activity is regulated by the |
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Definition
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Term
| The ventricles, central canal, and subarachnoid space are all: |
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Definition
| filled with cerebrospinal fluid |
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Term
| Each hemisphere of teh cerebral cortex receives most of its input from the ___ side of the body and controls the muscles on the ___ side. |
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Definition
| contralateral; contralateral |
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Term
| Lamina IV is prominent in : |
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Definition
| All the primary sensory areas |
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Term
| What is the primary target are on the cerebral cortex for touch and other skin sensations? |
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Definition
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Term
| Monkeys with Kluver-Bucy syndrom fail to show normal fears and anxieties after damage to the: |
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Definition
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Term
| The prefrontal cortex is important for: |
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Definition
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| People with damage of the parietal cortex tend to have trouble ___. |
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Definition
| Locating objectsi in space |
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Term
| Evoked potentials in the brain are most likely to be detected by a: |
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Definition
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| So far, it appears that the brain features most strongly correlated with intelligence in humans is the: |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the production of new neurons called? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| movement of primitive neurons and glia |
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Term
| Myelination is a process common to: |
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Definition
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Term
| As a rule, all vertebrate neurons develop during an embryological stage. Among the few types of neurons that can develop in adulthood are: |
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Definition
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Term
| When Sperry cut a newt's optic nerve and rotated the eye by 180 degrees, each axon: |
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Definition
| regenerated to the area where it had originally been |
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Term
| Why is it that all neurons in a healthy adult brain have made appropriate connections? |
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Definition
| If an axon does not make the approprate connections by a certain age it dies |
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Term
| Some neurons die during development because: |
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Definition
| They fail to receive enough NGF |
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Term
| In response to nervous system injury, neruotrophins: |
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Definition
| Increase regrowth of damaged axons |
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Term
| The most likely reson that children with Fetal Alcohol Syndrom have brain abnormalities is because alcohol: |
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Definition
| Decreases release of neurotrophins |
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Term
| Varied environment with stimulation increases animals: |
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Definition
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| The most common cause of brain damage in young people is: |
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Definition
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| Ischemia is to___ as hemorrhage is to___. |
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Definition
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Term
| Damage due to stroke caused by ischemia can be minimized by administering a drug which: |
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Definition
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Term
| Diaschisis refers to the: |
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Definition
| decreased activity of surviving neurons after other neurons are damaged |
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Term
| Which axons will regenerate to a significant degree if cut or crushed ? |
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Definition
| those in the peripheral nervous system but not in the CNS |
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Term
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Definition
| secretes proteins that inhibit axon regrowth |
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Term
| What is collateral sprouting? |
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Definition
| When a nerve is cut, the surrounding nerves may grow enough to fill the role of that missing nerve |
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Term
| Supersensitivity results from a ___ in the number of receptors and a ____ in the effectiveness of those receptors. |
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Definition
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Term
| A cortical cell originally responded to stimulation of the middle finger. After amputation of that finger it begins responding to the second and fourth fingers. What most likely accounts for this? |
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Definition
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Term
| If a person suffered injury to the right motor cortex that resulted in paralysis of the left arm and later showed some evidence of recovery of function, which of the following would be a likley explanation? |
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Definition
| The left motor cortex strengthened its control over the left arm |
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Term
| Why does the periphery of the retina detect faint lights better than the fovea does? |
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Definition
| more receptors converge their input on to each bipolar cell |
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Term
| What characterizes the fovea? |
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Definition
| It has the greatest perception of detail |
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Term
| The fovea is well suited for highly detailed vision because: |
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Definition
there are few blood vessels there
there are few ganglion cells there
the receptors are tightly-packed there |
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Term
| Rods are to ___ as cones are to ___. |
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Definition
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Term
| According to the trichromatic theory of color vision: |
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Definition
| our perception of color depends on the relative activity of three types of cones |
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Term
| At the level of rods and cones the __ theory seems to fit best, while at the level of the bipolar cells the ___ theory seems to fit best. |
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Definition
| trichromatic; opponent process |
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Term
| Difficulty distinguishing between ___ and ___ is the most common form of color vision deficiency |
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Definition
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Term
| In humans the optic nerves from the two eyes follow what pathway? |
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Definition
| half of the axons from each eye cross to the other side at the optic chiasm |
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Term
| Horizontal cells receive their input from ___; they send output to ___ |
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Definition
| rods and cones; bipolar cells |
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Term
| Which ganglion cells, if any, are located mostly in or near the fovea? |
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Definition
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Term
| Visual information from the lateral geniculate area goes to the ____. |
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Definition
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Term
| Once within the cerebral cortex, the magnocellular pathway continues as a pathway sensitive to: |
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Definition
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Term
| In the visual system of the mammalian cerebral cortex, the dorsal stream is specialized for detecting ___, and the ventral stream is specialized for detecting ______. |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the shape fo the receptive field to which a simple cell in the primary visual cortex responds? |
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Definition
| bar in a particular orientation |
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Term
| ____ responds to a particular feature of a stimulus. |
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Definition
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Term
| To what does "shape constancy" refer? |
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Definition
| we can recognize objects even at different orientations |
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Term
| A man has suffered brain damage that has left him unable to recognize the faces of his wife and children, although he can identify them by their voices. What is his condition? |
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Definition
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Term
| Area ___ is particularly important for color constancy. |
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Definition
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Term
| Cells in V5 and the medial superior temporal cortex electively respond to which characterstic of visual stimuli? |
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Definition
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