Term
| Dependence in illicit drug use |
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Definition
thalamusandbrainstem
– Body adapts to the drug, requires it to achieve a certain effect and drug-specific physical or mental symptoms present if drug is abruptly stopped |
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Term
| tolerance and illicit drug use |
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Definition
– When a person no longer responds to a drug the same way they initially responded
• A higher dose is required to achieve the same effect |
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Term
| illicit drug use addiction |
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Definition
rewardpathway
– Compulsive drug use despite harmful consequences
– Characterized by inability to stop using a drug; failure to meet work, social, or family obligations |
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Term
| illicit drug use withdrawal |
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Definition
| – Symptoms that result from abrupt cessation of a drug after dependence has developed; severity varies |
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Term
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Definition
| substance abuse or substance dependence->Substance use disorders (mild, moderate, or severe) |
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Term
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Definition
| Anyone who uses a drug (prescribed, OTC, or illegal) |
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Term
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Definition
| Inappropriate use of a drug (prescription or OTC) |
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Term
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Definition
| Intentional misuse of a drug; used incorrectly or excessively |
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Term
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Definition
| Symptoms of tolerance and withdrawal are present (typically a physical dependence on a drug) |
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Term
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Definition
| Change in behavior, substance use becomes priority |
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Term
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Definition
– Found in liquor, beer, wine
– Swallowed
– Low doses: Euphoria, stimulation, lowered inhibitions
– Higher or long-term doses: Nausea, loss of coordination, visual distortions, impaired memory, sexual dysfunction, hypertension, liver and heart disease, fatal overdose |
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Term
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Definition
– Marijuana: blunt, dope, ganja, grass, weed, Mary Jane, pot
• Smoked, swallowed
– Hashish: boom, gangster, hash, hemp
• Smoked, swallowed
– Euphoria, relaxation, increased HR, anxiety, panic attacks, psychosis |
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Term
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Definition
– Heroin: Diacetylmorphine; smack, dope, skunk, China white
• Injected, smoked, snorted
– Opium: Laudanum, paregoric; big O, block, gum, hop
• Swallowed, smoked
– Euphoria, impaired coordination, drowsiness, dizziness, sedation, slowed (or arrested) breathing, constipation |
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Term
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Definition
– Cocaine: Cocaine hydrochloride; blow, bump, coke, crake, rock, snow
• Snorted, smoked, injected
– Methamphetamine: Desoxyn; meth, ice, crank, crystal speed, glass
• Swallowed, snorted, smoked, injected
– Increased HR, BP, body temperature and metabolism; increased alertness and energy, tremors, reduced appetite, anxiety, irritability, psychosis, weight loss, insomnia, seizures, stroke |
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Term
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Definition
-meth mouth
-increased activity
-sleeplessness
-rapid weight loss
-irritability and aggression
-paranoia
-open sores
-twitching
-change in friends |
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Term
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Definition
– MDMA: Ecstasy, Adam, Eve, peace
• Swallowed, snorted, injected
• Mild hallucinogenic effect, lowered inhibition, anxiety, chills, sweating, muscle
cramping, hyperthermia
– Flunitrazepam: Rohypnol; roofies, roofinol, rope, roach
• Swallowed, snorted
• Sedation, muscle relaxation, confusion, dizziness |
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Term
| abused Prescription medications |
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Definition
– Opioids: codeine, fentanyl, hydrocodone, oxycodone, methadone- pain relief, drowsiness, nausea, slowed breathing, euphoria, constipation, confusion
– Sedatives: Barbiturates, benzodiazepines (xanax, valium, ativan), Ambien, Lunesta- drowsiness, slurred speech, poor concentration, confusion, dizziness, memory problems, lowered bp, slowed breathing
– Stimulants: Amphetamine (Adderall), methylphenidate (Concerta, Ritalin)- inc alertness, attention, energy; inc BP and HR; narrowed blood vessels; inc blood sugar; opened-up breathing passages |
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Term
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Definition
• Found in some cough and cold meds; Robotripping • Swallowed
• Euphoria, slurred speech, confusion, distorted vision
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Term
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Definition
• Androl; roids, juice
• Injected, swallowed, transdermal
• No intoxication effects; hypertension, blood clotting, liver cysts, hostility, aggression, acne, reduced sperm production, testicular atrophy |
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Term
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Definition
• Solvents: Paint thinners, gasoline, glues
• Gases: Propane, aerosol, nitrous oxide
• Inhaled through mouth or nose
• Stimulation, loss of inhibition, headache, nausea, wheezing, cramps, depression, memory impairment, sudden death |
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Term
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Definition
• Lysergic acid diethylamide; acid
• Swallowed, sublingual
• Hyperthermia, increased HR, BP; loss of appetite, numbness, dizziness, tremors, rapid emotional swings |
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Term
| Drug Use in the United States in 2016 |
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Definition
– 10.6% of 12 years and older used illicit drugs in the past month
– 7.5% of 12 years and older had a substance use disorder in the past year
– Actively solicited by someone selling drugs: • 12–17 years: 11%
• 18–25 years: 13.3%
• 26+ years: 3.8%
– 71.8% of 12–17 yo that were enrolled in school report having seen or heard a drug or alcohol prevention message while at school |
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Term
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Definition
| those who never use or use less see the drugs as more harmful |
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Term
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Definition
• >60% of drug overdose deaths involve an opioid
• Amount of Rx opioids sold to pharmacies, hospitals, and private clinics almost quadrupled from 1999 to 2010, with no change in reported pain by Americans
• Deaths from Rx opioids has more than quadrupled since 1999
• Commonly abused: Oxycodone, hydrocodone, methadone, fentanyl, heroin)
• Rx opioid misuse in the United States carries an economic cost of >$78 billion per year |
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Term
| Of patients prescribed opioids for chronic pain: |
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Definition
– ~25% misuse them
– ~10% develop an opioid use disorder
– ~5% who misuse them transition to heroin
– ~80% who use heroin first misused prescription opioids |
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Term
| U.S. Opioid Epidemic: Federal Response |
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Definition
• October2017,PresidentTrumpdeclaredthe opioid crisis a public health emergency
– This did not require any specific funding to be routed towards the epidemic
• HHSandNIH5priorities:
– Improving access to treatment and recovery services
– Promoting use of overdose-reversing drugs
– Strengthening our understanding of the epidemic through better public health surveillance
– Providing support for cutting-edge research on pain and addiction
– Advancing better practices for pain management
• NIHisactivelypursuingformalpartnershipswith pharmaceutical companies to develop:
– Safe, effective, nonaddictive strategies to manage chronic pain
– New, innovative medications and technologies to treat opioid use disorders
– Improved overdose prevention and reversal interventions to save lives and support recovery |
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