Term
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Definition
1) fear of rejection
2) guilt
3) anger
4) fear of punishment |
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Term
| 4 cues of implosive therapy: |
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Definition
1) symptom contingent
2) verbally reported
3) hypothesized cues
4) dynamic cues |
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Term
| Seligman and Johnston (1973) |
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Definition
| cognitive theory of avoidance |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
1) arbitrary inference
2) selective abstraction
3) overgeneralization
4) magnification & minimization
5) personalization |
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Term
|
Definition
1) arbitrary inference
2) selective abstraction
3) overgeneralization
4) magnification & minimization
5) personalization |
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Term
|
Definition
1) arbitrary inference
2) selective abstraction
3) overgeneralization
4) magnification & minimization
5) personalization |
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Term
| seligman and johnstons theory based on solomon and wynne |
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Definition
1) overt sign of fear disappeared over training
2) one animal in solomon's study made 490 avoidance responses before it was discontinued
3) they argued fear should have been extinguised by then |
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Term
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Definition
1) they used a CER(conditioned emotional response) procedure
2) 60s CS followed by shock
3) animals exstinguished after 40 trials |
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Term
| seligman & johnston argue: |
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Definition
| fear extinguishes fast and could not have been present after 490 responses in the solomon study |
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Term
| to account for the sustained responding seligman and johnston concluded: |
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Definition
| an expectancy hypothesis is warranted |
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Term
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Definition
| provided no new data of their own to support their theory |
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Term
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Definition
1) average response latencies for solomon's dogs was around 1-4 sec. which results in a reasonable estimated 1200 sec of total CS exposure
2) the total CS exposure in the annau kamin study was 60s x 40 trials= 2400s
3) ergo solomon stopped the dog that made 490 responses too quickly |
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Term
| levis & boyds (1979) study to confirm their position |
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Definition
1) they used a 8s CS tone or white noise followed by a strong UCS- 2MA
2) they conditioned rats to make 50 consecutive avoidance responses w. an avoidance latency of 4 sec. or less
3) half of the subjects were exposed to a tone CS and half the white noise
4) to determine the presence of fear tot he CS after 50 trials of short latencies avoidance responses CER procedure was used |
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Term
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Definition
| exposure therapy, outcome studies |
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Term
| exposure therapies treat: |
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Definition
1) anxiety disorders
2) mood disorders
3) dissociative disorders |
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Term
| every mintue____people commit suicide |
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Definition
|
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Term
| over last 50 years (increase/decrease) in depression |
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Definition
|
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Term
| average age of depression |
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Definition
|
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Term
| who said change in thinking leads to change in behavior? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| who said change in thinking leads to change in behavior? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| in CBT therapists creates emotional state which: |
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Definition
|
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Term
| learned helplessness/hopelessness theory of depression.... |
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Definition
|
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Term
| learned helplessness/hopelessness theory of depression.... |
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Definition
|
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Term
| learned helplessness/hopelessness theory of depression.... |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
1) caused by expectations of bad events and expectation nothing can prevent thier occurence
2) he interpreted experiments as generating an expectation of non contingency b/t responding and outcome which develops into learned helplessness |
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Term
| levis (1976) on learned helplessness |
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Definition
| theory changed to the feeling of helplessness results into an attribution that a person makes a determination of when and where they will expect future failure (helplessness) |
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Term
| 3 dimensions of an attribution |
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Definition
1) internal/external
2) stable/unstable
3) global/specific |
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Term
| Lewinson's model of depression is a ____ theory |
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Definition
|
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Term
| 3 variables that affect or hinder a persons access to positive reinforcement: |
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Definition
1) the # of events and activities that are potentially reinforcing to the person
2) the availability of reinforcement in the environment
3) the instrumental behavior of the individual (eg. social skills) |
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Term
| a low rate of positive reinforcement leads to: |
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Definition
|
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Term
| treatment of depression according to lewinson |
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Definition
| change the behavior to increase the rate of positive reinforcement |
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Term
| __ out of __ women are sexually/physically abused b4 age 21 |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| ___out of ___ men have been sexually/physically abused b4 21 |
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Definition
|
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Term
| ___ of ___ have a psychological problem |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| patients trauma memories are stored in: |
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Definition
|
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Term
| the memories in the LTM represent: |
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Definition
|
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Term
| it is estimated that around ___% of those who have experienced severe trauma experiences in childhood have blocked out their memories |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| most delayed memory recovery occurs: |
|
Definition
| outside a therapists office prior to therapy |
|
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Term
| memory reactivation treatment techniques: |
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Definition
1) stampfls therapist directed implosive therapy
2) levis's patient directed implosive therapy or brain release therapy (all symptoms and senses)
3) hypnosis
4) psychoanalysis |
|
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Term
| change only happens with: |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| change only happens with: |
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Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
| has all info stored in brain |
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Term
|
Definition
| negative words/feelings that punish victim |
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Term
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Definition
| 3rd part of trilogy, memories are unconscious |
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Term
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Definition
| research on changing false memories, cognitive psychologist, convinced most memories are flase, kids will believe false memories |
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Term
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Definition
| retrospective study, worked in rape clinic, clients had documented data of being raped, 2/3 had no memory of ever being raped |
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Term
| play therapy was used by... |
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Definition
|
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Term
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Definition
| used hypnosis, used as an adjunct, generates false memories |
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Term
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Definition
| primary processing, didnt put psychoanalysis to scientific test, his technique was good,concluded he was getting memories of abuse, was severely crticized |
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Term
| fear extinguishes ____ if you have all the cues |
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Definition
|
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Term
| fear extinguishes ____ if you have all the cues |
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Definition
|
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Term
| ____ is critical to implosive therapy |
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Definition
|
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Term
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Definition
| if you have exposure to CS before you condition it, the conditioning will be much weaker |
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Term
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Definition
| "if you use the hammer properly, it will work" |
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Term
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Definition
| not afraid of electric outlets, hammers etc. |
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Term
| Who made the Theory of Incubation? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| traditional use of the term incubation |
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Definition
| the growth of fears over time in the absence of any further exposure to the CS & UCS |
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Term
| who disagreed w/ Eyesenk's theory? |
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Definition
| McAllister & McAllister (1967) |
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Term
| Eyesenck says that fear can increase over time from... |
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Definition
| additional exposure to the CS |
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Term
| Eyesenck says that the CR's of fear and pain (what he called Novice Response or NR)... |
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Definition
| have reinforcing properties |
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Term
| when paired w/ the CS during extinction trials, the habit strength associating CS's and NR's... |
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Definition
| may increase, especially when NRs are very strong |
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Term
| Eyesenck says that NR's function as UCS's. what does this result in? |
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Definition
| the continual increase and maintainence of the learned fear response |
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Term
| Eyesenck specified 4 conditions favorable for the development of incubation: |
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Definition
| 1.) Pavlovian conditioning in which the CR is a drive
2.) A strong UCS
3.) individual differences in neuroticism and introversion
4.) he based his theory, in part, on the Napolkov Effect. Blood pressure in dog after single conditioning trial w/ a strong UCS continued to increase. (the equipment created the increase in BP) |
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Term
| Molly and Levis study (1990) |
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Definition
| subjects: human
first crossed factor: A 5 second tone (CS) was paired w/ groups receiving either 2.0 MA or 6.0 MA of shock. Only one trial of classical conditioning was adminiestered.
second cross factor of postconditioning unreinforced CS exposure was then presented.
neuroticism - extraversion was blocked factor |
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Term
| findings of Molloy & Levis study |
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Definition
| high shock, brief CS exposure neuroticism didnt produce any signs of fear incubation
instead, fear decreased as a function of total CS exposure in all groups |
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