Term
| Unlearned environment-behavior relations |
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Definition
| Kinesis, Taxis, Fixed action patterns, Unconditioned reflexes |
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Term
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Definition
| The relationship between an unconditioned stimulus and an unconditioned response. |
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Term
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Definition
| The response involved in a reflex. |
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Term
| Types of unconditioned reflexes |
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Definition
| Patellar reflex, eye blink reflex, lachrymal reflex, papillary reflex, respiratory reflex, sneeze reflex, cough reflex, rooting reflex, sucking reflex, salivation reflex, swallowing reflex, peristalsis reflex, reverse peristalsis reflex, reflexes related to high/low temperature, reflexes related to loud sound, withdrawal reflex, the activation reflex. |
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Term
| Unconditioned stimulus (US) |
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Definition
| The stimulus involved in an unconditioned reflex. |
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Term
| Unconditioned elicitor (UE) |
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Definition
| “A stimulus which elicits an unconditioned response without prior learning. That is, due to phylogenic provenance.” |
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Term
| Unconditioned response (UR) |
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Definition
| “A response which is elicited by an unconditioned stimulus without prior learning. That is, due to phylogenic provenance.” |
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Term
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Definition
| “Strongly, consistently, and reliably evoke.” (only used to describe the behavior-altering effect of unconditioned or conditioned stimuli) |
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Term
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Definition
“A reduction in the strength of a reflex response brought about by repeated exposure to a stimulus that elicits that response.”
Desensitization |
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Term
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Definition
“The tendency of a stimulus to elicit a reflex response following the elicitation of that response by a different stimulus.”
Lightning - loud noise |
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Term
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Definition
| “A relatively permanent change in behavior as a result of experience.” |
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Term
| Procedures involved in learning |
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Definition
| Pairing, Consequential operations (or consequating), Signaling |
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Term
| Processes involved in learning |
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Definition
| Respondent conditioning, Operant conditioning |
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Term
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Definition
| The presentation of two stimuli within certain temporal parameters. |
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Term
| Consequential operations (consequating) |
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Definition
| When the onset/magnification or offset/attenuation of a stimulus is made contingent on the occurrence of a particular response. |
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Term
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Definition
| When the presence of a stimulus is correlated with the onset/magnification or offset/attenuation of another stimulus contingent on a particular response. |
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Term
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Definition
| “The nearness of events in time.” |
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Term
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Definition
| “A dependency between events.” |
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Term
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Definition
| Stimulus-stimulus contingency, Response-stimulus contingency, Stimulus-response-stimulus contingency |
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Term
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Definition
| “Innate, due to the evolutionary history of that species.” |
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Term
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Definition
| “Learned, due to the experiential history of the individual and the environment.” |
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Term
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Definition
| The relationship between a conditioned stimulus and a conditioned response. |
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Term
| Conditioned stimulus (CS) |
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Definition
| The stimulus involved in a conditioned reflex. |
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Term
| Conditioned elicitor (CE) |
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Definition
| “A stimulus which elicits a conditioned response due to prior learning; that is, due to ontogenic provenance.” |
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Term
| Conditioned response (CR) |
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Definition
| “A response which is elicited by a conditioned stimulus due to prior learning; that is, due to ontogenic provenance.” |
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Term
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Definition
| When a neutral stimulus is paired with an unconditioned or conditioned stimulus, and as a result of this pairing, the neutral stimulus starts functioning as a conditioned stimulus. |
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Term
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Definition
| A stimulus which has no effect on a particular response. |
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Term
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Definition
| Pairing procedure in which an unconditioned or conditioned stimulus is presented after a few seconds of the presentation of a neutral stimulus. There is a short overlap between the two stimuli. |
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Term
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Definition
| Pairing procedure in which an unconditioned or conditioned stimulus is presented after a number of seconds have passed since the presentation of a neutral stimulus. There is overlap between the two stimuli. |
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Term
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Definition
| Pairing procedure in which an unconditioned or conditioned stimulus is presented after a period of time has passed since the termination of a neutral stimulus. There is no overlap between the two stimuli. |
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Term
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Definition
| Pairing procedure in which an unconditioned or conditioned stimulus is presented at the same time that a neutral stimulus is presented. |
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Term
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Definition
| Pairing procedure in which an unconditioned or conditioned stimulus is presented before the presentation of a neutral stimulus. |
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Term
| Higher-order conditioning |
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Definition
| “A neutral stimulus is paired with a previously conditioned stimulus.” |
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Term
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Definition
| When a pairing procedure is discontinued, the conditioned stimulus stops functioning as such, and becomes a neutral stimulus once again. |
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Term
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Definition
| “The sudden reappearance of a previously extinguished conditioned response as a function of the passage of time during which the conditioned stimulus is not presented and/or the organism is in a different environment.” |
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Term
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Definition
| When a stimulus momentarily alters the occurrence or non-occurrence of a response. |
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Term
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Definition
| When a stimulus alters how another stimulus functions in relation to other stimuli or to behavior. |
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Term
| Unconditioned conditioner of a conditioned elicitor (UC/CE) |
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Definition
| An unconditioned stimulus changes the function of a neutral stimulus to elicit the reflex response when paired with it. |
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Term
| Unconditioned conditioner of a conditioned conditioner (UC/CC) |
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Definition
| An unconditioned stimulus changes the function of a neutral stimulus to condition another stimulus when paired with it. |
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Term
| Conditioned conditioner of a conditioned elicitor (CC/CE) |
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Definition
| A conditioned stimulus changes the function of a neutral stimulus to elicit the reflex response when paired with it. |
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Term
| Conditioned conditioner of a conditioned conditioner (CC/CC) |
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Definition
| A conditioned stimulus changes the function of a neutral stimulus to condition another stimulus when paired with it. |
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Term
| Higher-order conditioning |
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Definition
| The pairing of a neutral stimulus with a conditioned stimulus. |
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Term
| Variables that affect respondent conditioning |
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Definition
| Number of paired trials, Stimulus-stimulus contingency, Stimulus-stimulus contiguity, Inter-trial intervals, Features of stimuli, Previous exposure to these stimuli |
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