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Definition
| A pattern of behavioral, biochemical, or physiological fluctuation that has a 24 hour period |
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| Active during the light periods of the daily cycle |
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| Active during the dark periods of the daily cycle |
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| Referring to a rhythm of behavior shown by an animal deprived of external cues about time of day |
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| The interval of time between two similar points of successive cycles, such as sunset to sunset |
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| A shift in the activity of biological rhythm, typically provided by a synchronizing environmental stimulus |
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| The process of synchronizing a biological rhythm to an environmental stimulus |
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| Literally "time giver" (in German). The stimulus (usually the light dark cycle) that entrains circadian rhythms. |
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| Suprachiasmatic Nucleus (SCN) |
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Definition
| A small region of the hypothalamus above the optic chiasm that is the location of a circadian oscilator. |
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Definition
| A secretory gland in the brain midline; the source of melatonin release |
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| Retinohypothalamic Pathway |
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Definition
| The projection of retinal ganglion cells to the suprachiasmatic nuclei. |
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Definition
| A photopigment found within particular retinal ganglion cells that project to the suprachiasmatic nucleus. |
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Definition
| A complex of two proteins that have bound together |
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Definition
| Referring to a rhythmic biological event whose period is shorter than that of a circadian rhythm, usually from several minutes to several hours long |
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| Ocurring on a roughly annual basis |
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Definition
| Referring to a rhythmic biological event whose period is longer than that of a circadian rhythm--that is;longer than a day |
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Definition
| The recording and study of gross electrical ctivity of the brain recorded from large electrodes placed on the scalp |
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Definition
| The electrical recording of eye movements |
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Definition
| The electrical recording of mucle activity |
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Definition
| sleep, divided into stages 1-4 that is defined by the presence of slow-wave EEG activity. |
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| Rapid Eye Movements (REM) sleep |
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Definition
| Also, called paradozical sleep. A stage of sleep characterized by small-amplitude, fast EEG waves, no postural tension and rapid eye movements. |
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Definition
| Also called beta activity. A pattern of EEG activity comprising a mix of many different high frequencies with low amplitude. |
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Definition
| A brain potential of 8 to 12 Hz that occurs during relaxed wakefulness. |
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Definition
| A sharp wave EEG pattern that is seen during stage 1 slow-wave sleep. |
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Definition
| The initial stage of slowwave sleep, which is characterized by small amplitude EEG waves of irregular frequency, slow heart rate, and reduced muscle tension |
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Definition
| A stage of slow wave sleep that is defined by bursts of regular 14- to 18- Hz EEG waves called sleep spindles |
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Definition
| A characteristic 14- to 18- Hz wave in the EEG of a person said to be in stage 2 sleep. |
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Definition
| A sharp negative EEG potential that is seen in stage 2 sleep |
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Definition
| A stage of slow wave sleep that is defined by the spindles seen in stage 2 sleep, mixed with larger amplitude slow waves |
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Definition
| The slowest type of EEG wave characteristic of stages 3 and 4 slow-wave |
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Definition
| A stage of slow wave sleep that is defined by the presence of delta waves at least half the time |
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Definition
| A long, frightening dream that awakens the sleeper from REM sleep |
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Definition
| A sudden arousal from stage 3 or stage 4 slow wave sleep that is marked by intense fear and autonomic activation |
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Definition
| A period of slow wave sleep followed by a period of REM sleep. In humans, a sleep cycle lasts 90-110 minutes |
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Definition
| The partial or total prevention of sleep |
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Definition
| The process of sleeping more than normally after a period of sleep deprivation, as thought in compensation. |
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Definition
| A drug that renders an individual unconscious |
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Definition
| An experimental preparation in which an animal's brainstem has been separated from the spinal cord by a cut below the medulla. |
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Definition
| An experimental preparation in which an animal's nervous system has been cut in the upper midbrain, dividing the forebrain from the brainstem. |
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Definition
| A ventral region in the forebrain that has been implicated in sleep. |
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Definition
| A region of the basal hypothalamus, near the pituitary stalk, that plays a role in generating SWS |
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Definition
| An extensive region of the brainstem (extending from the medulla through the thalamus) that is involved in arousal (waking). |
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Definition
| A disorder that involved frequent, intense episodes of sleep, which last from 5 to 30 minutes and can occur anytime during the usual waking hours. |
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Definition
| Sudden loss of muscle tone, leading to collapse of the bod without loss of consciousness |
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Definition
| Neuropeptides produced in the hypothalamus that are involved in switching between sleep states, in narcolepsy, and in the control of appetite |
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Definition
| A state during the transition to or from sleep, in which the ability to move or talk is temporarily lost. |
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Definition
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| REM behavior disorder (RBD) |
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Definition
| A sleep disorder in which a person physically acts out a dream. |
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Term
| Sleep state misperception |
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Definition
| Commonly, a person's perception that he has not been asleep when in fact he was. Typically occurs at the start of a sleep episode. |
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Term
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Definition
| Difficulty in falling asleep |
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Term
| Sleep-maintenance insomnia |
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Definition
| Difficulty staying asleep. |
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