Term
| % weight water in ligaments/tendons |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| injuty to the labrum, superior labrum from anterior to posterior, occurs at the point where the tendon of the biceps muscle inserts on the labrum |
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Term
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Definition
| ulnar collateral ligament (UCL) reconstruction, is a surgical graft procedure in which a ligament in the medial elbow is replaced with a tendon from elsewhere in the body; |
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Term
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Definition
| Movement of a body part away from the median plane (of the body, in the case of limbs; of the hand or foot, in the case of digits). |
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Term
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Definition
| 0.145 seconds, 4 to 85 mph accel, 820 ft/sec |
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Term
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Definition
| outer end of spine forms flat roof overhanging shoulder; anterior part articulates with clavicle |
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Term
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Definition
| Movement of a body part toward the median plane (of the body, in the case of limbs; of the hand or foot, in the case of digits). |
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Term
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Definition
| one opposed in action by another muscle |
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Term
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Definition
| permits slight mobility, most are cartilaginous joints |
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Term
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Definition
| one that counteracts the action of another muscle |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) |
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Definition
| a cruciate ligament of each knee that is attached in front to the more medial aspect of the tibia, that passes upward, backward, and laterally through the middle of the knee crossing the posterior cruciate ligament to attach to the femur, that functions to prevent hyperextension of the knee and to keep the tibia from sliding forward in relation to the femur |
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Term
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Definition
| perpendicular to a frontal plane |
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Term
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Definition
| elbow extends, short delay then internal rotation of humerus, stride knee extends, ends with ball release |
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Term
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Definition
| trunk moves laterally toward catcher, hip rotation starts, trunk rotation follows hip, upper arm is flexted at elbow, shoulder undergoes external rotation, trunk faces batter, humerus achieves max external rotation (170-180deg) and max stress at elbow |
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Term
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Definition
| elbow extension continues, humeral internal rotation continues, |
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Term
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Definition
| systematic favoritism present in data collection |
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Term
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Definition
| origin: coracoid process of scapula and upper margin of the glenoid cavity, insertion: radial tuberosity, function: elbow flexion, palm supination, shoulder flexion |
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Term
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Definition
| origin: hip, insertion: fibula, function: flexion and lateral rotation of knee |
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Term
| bone compressive strength |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| estimated at 30 MPa at 10^8 cycles |
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Term
| bone modulus of elasticity |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| origin: lower half of humerus, insertion: coronoid process of the ulna, function: elbow flexion |
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Term
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Definition
| origin: humerus, inserstion: lateral radius, function: elbow flexion, palmar supination |
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Term
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Definition
| a small serous sac between a tendon and a bone; provide reduced friction between moving parts |
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Term
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Definition
| Bony tissue characteristic of the embryonic skeleton in which the collagen fibers of the matrix are arranged irregularly in the form of interlacing networks; very porous (50%V) |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| the act or agency which produces an effect |
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Term
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Definition
| form cartilage, differentiate from fibroblasts |
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Term
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Definition
| most abundant protein in mammals |
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Term
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Definition
| skin, tendon, vacular, organs, bone (main component of) |
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Term
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Definition
| hyaline cartilage (main component of cartilage) |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| compression force at shoulder during acceleration |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| a rounded projection on a bone, usually for articulation with another bone |
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Term
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Definition
| extraneous variable in a statistical model that correlates (positively or negatively) but it is not part of the real association between exposure and disease |
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Term
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Definition
| bony projection on scapula for muscle attachment |
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Term
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Definition
| the degree and direction of association of variable phenomena; how well one can be predicted from the other |
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Term
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Definition
| sinusoidal wave pattern in ligaments and tendons, transmit tensile loads |
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Term
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Definition
| 4 bar system --> femoral link, tibial link, ACL, PCL |
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Term
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Definition
| branching, interwoven fibers |
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Term
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Definition
| situated far beneath the surface |
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Term
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Definition
| origin: outer clavicle, spine of scapula; insertion: humerus; function: almost all arm movement, esp humerus extension, abduction, flexion, and medial rotation |
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Term
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Definition
| early stage lung cancer may be overlooked in non-smokers because doctors don't expect it |
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Term
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Definition
| the shaft of a long bone, between the epiphyses |
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Term
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Definition
| permits a variety of movements, all are synovial joints |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| toward back; upward movement (extension) of the foot or toes or of the hand or fingers |
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Term
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Definition
| the experimenter is not aware of who/what belongs to which group elminates subjective bias an experimenter may have; neither the experiment nor the subject know who has received which treatment |
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Term
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Definition
| the ability of an object to return to it's original shape |
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Term
| elbow extension (angular velocity) |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| radial tuberosity, trochlea, coronoid process, capitellum, olecranon process |
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Term
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Definition
| biceps brachii, brachialis, brachioradialis, triceps brachii |
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Term
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Definition
| hermeroulnar (hinge), proimal radioulnar (synovial pivot), humeroradial (rolling or rotary) |
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Term
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Definition
| the expanded articular end of a long bone, which during the period of growth is either entirely cartilaginous or is separated from the shaft by a cartilaginous disk |
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Term
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Definition
| joint angle increases; defined by the dirction of the smallest ROM |
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Term
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Definition
| rotation away from body center |
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Term
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Definition
| composed of organic phase (osteoid) and inorganic phase |
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Term
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Definition
| path of the instant center as the tibia rotates about the femur |
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Term
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Definition
| thighbone (femur) is the longest and strongest bone in your body |
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Term
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Definition
| connective tissue cells, flat elongated, have cytoplasmic processes at each end, flat oval nucleus |
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Term
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Definition
| between flat bones of skull, sutures |
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Term
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Definition
| calf bone; the outer or postaxial and usually the smaller of the two bones of the hind or lower limb below the knee that is the slenderest bone of the human body in proportion to its length, articulates above with the external tuberosity of the tibia and below with the talus, and has its lower end forming the external malleolus of the ankle |
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Term
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Definition
| joint angle decreases, defined by the direction of largest ROM |
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Term
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Definition
| does not directly effect throw, critical to minimizing injuty, complete extension of stride leg, continued hip flexion, humeral adduction + horizontal adduction, elbow flexion, forearm supination |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| slices into anterior-posterior parts |
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Term
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Definition
| ball and sockect; humerus articulates with the glenoid cavity |
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Term
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Definition
| shallow articular outermost surface of scapula |
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Term
| glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) |
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Definition
| family of carbohydrates, important component of connective tissue, depending on water attraction properties --> can be cement-like or slippery |
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Term
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Definition
| lateral muscle attachment |
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Term
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Definition
| any of the anastomosing channels of the haversian system in compact bone, containing blood and lymph vessels and nerves |
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Term
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Definition
| spherical articular end of a long bone |
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Term
| horizontal abduction (humeral) |
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Definition
| to body center, moves in transverse plane about a longitudinal axis |
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Term
| horizontal adduction (humeral) |
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Definition
| toward body center, moves in tranverse plane about a longitudinal axis |
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Term
| humeral rotation (angular velocity) |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| past anatomical position in direction of extension motion |
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Term
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Definition
| the dorsal, upper, and largest one of the three bones composing either lateral half of the pelvis that in humans is broad and expanded above and narrower below where it joins with the ischium and pubis to form part of the acetabulum |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| inflammation of the infrapatellar bursa, aka clergyman's knee |
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Term
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Definition
| origin: shoulder blade, insertion: humerus, function: shoulder adduction, shoulder lateral ratation (below spine) |
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Term
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Definition
| very dense, calcium phosphate crystals (primarily hydroxyapatite, 50% by V and 75% by weight) |
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Term
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Definition
| point at which the bones are rotating; found by drawing perpendicular line to velocities at various points, where perpendicular lines intersect is center |
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Term
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Definition
| rotation toward body center |
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Term
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Definition
| different interviewer styles might provoke different responses to the same question |
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Term
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Definition
| same properties in all directions |
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Term
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Definition
| femur, tibia, patella, ilium, fibula |
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Term
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Definition
| biceps femoris, semitendinosus, semimembranous |
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Term
| knee ligaments and mensisci |
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Definition
| ACL, MCL, PCL, LCL, medial meniscus, lateral meniscus |
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Term
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Definition
| rectus femoris, vastus medius, vastus intermedius, vastus lateralis |
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Term
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Definition
| cuff of cartilage in shoulder that lends to stability; end of humerus moves within |
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Term
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Definition
| small space of extracellular matrix in which a cell is trapped |
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Term
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Definition
| he normal type of adult bone, organized in layers (lamellae), which may be parallel (cancellous b.) or concentrically arranged (compact b.) |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| lateral collateral ligament (LCL) |
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Definition
| a ligament that connects the lateral epicondyle of the femur with the lateral side of the head of the fibula and that helps to stabilize the knee by preventing lateral dislocation |
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Term
| lateral elbow (pathomechanic) |
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Definition
| radial collateral ligament becomes inflamed (tennis elbow) |
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Term
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Definition
| origin: spin, hip bone; insertion: humerus; function: extension medial rotation of humerus |
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Term
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Definition
| anterior muscle attachement |
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Term
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Definition
| origin: trunk, insertion: shoulder blade, function: raises scapula |
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Term
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Definition
| form ligaments, differentiate from fibroblasts |
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Term
| ligaments & tendons composition |
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Definition
| close packed collagen fiber budles, elastin, proteoglycans, glycolipids, water, cells |
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Term
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Definition
| perpendicular to a transverse (horizontal) plane |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| medial collateral ligament (MCL) |
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Definition
| a ligament that connects the medial epicondyle of the femur with the medial condyle and medial surface of the tibia and that helps to stabilize the knee by preventing lateral dislocation |
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Term
| medial elbow (pathomechanic) |
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Definition
| ulnar collateral ligament under high tension in cocking phase of pitching near ultimate tensile strength (golfer's elbow) |
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Term
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Definition
| a fibrous cartilage within a joint: a : either of two crescent-shaped lamellae of fibrocartilage that border and partly cover the articulating surfaces of the tibia and femur at the knee |
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Term
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Definition
| the wider part at the end of a long bone, adjacent to the epiphyseal disk |
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Term
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Definition
| joins the head to the shaft |
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Term
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Definition
| groups where the theory expects no phenomenon |
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Term
| number of independent properties req. to define orthotropic material |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| large process on the upper end of the ulna that projects behind the elbow joint and forms the point of the elbow |
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Term
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Definition
| three mutually perpendicular planes of symmetry; different properties in each plane |
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Term
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Definition
| bone forming cells, single rounded nucleus, secrete the organic phase of ECM |
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Term
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Definition
| giant, multinucleated, bone destroying cells; deliver HCl and proteases to the resorption area |
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Term
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Definition
| extensions that maintain connections with adjacent cells |
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Term
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Definition
| bone maintaining cells (osteoblasts trapped in the ECM) |
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Term
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Definition
| organic phase of ECM, 90% collagen, 10% glycosaminoglycans |
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Term
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Definition
| to examine by feeling and pressing with the palms of the hands and the fingers |
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Term
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Definition
| kneecap; a thick flat triangular movable bone that forms the anterior point of the knee, protects the front of the joint, increases the leverage of the quadriceps, and is usually regarded as a sesamoid bone since it is developed in the tendon of the quadriceps and in structure is similar to other sesamoid bones |
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Term
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Definition
| attaches patella to tibia; |
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Term
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Definition
| origin: collarbone, sternum, and costal cartilage; insertion: humerus; function: adduction of humerus, medial rotation of humerus, flexion of humerus |
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Term
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Definition
| windup, stride, arm cocking, arm acceleration, arm deceleration, follow-through |
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Term
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Definition
| toward foot; bending the foot or toes toward the plantar surface |
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Term
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Definition
| where a phenomenon is expected, but this situation can be used as the "normal" to test another phenomenon anyway |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) |
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Definition
| a cruciate ligament of each knee that is attached medially in back between the condyles of the tibia, that passes upward and forward through the middle of the knee crossing the anterior cruciate ligament to attach to the medial aspect of the femur, that functions to prevent hyperflexion of the knee and to keep the tibia from sliding backward in relation to the femur when the knee is flexed, and that is stronger and less subject to sports injury by tearing than the anterior cruciate ligament |
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Term
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Definition
| the act of assuming the prone position, or the state of being prone |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| looks for outcomes (pathologies) during the study period in a cohort of subjects during the study period; adv: fewer potential sources of bias and confoundation; disadv: very large cohort and/or very long time |
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Term
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Definition
| slippery, basic unit consists of a core protein with one or more covalently attached GAG chain(s) |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| a large blunt projection on the medial surface of the radius for the attachment of the biceps brachii tendon |
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Term
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Definition
| subjects are randomly allocated to receive one or the other of the alternative treatments under study, allocated after assessment of eligibility and recruitment |
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Term
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Definition
| origin: hip or femur, insertion: patella, function: extension of knee |
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Term
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Definition
| process that maintains bone mass; responds to mech stress in long bones |
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Term
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Definition
| repeated activities cause damage to the rotator cuff tendons, over time the tendons wear thin and a rotator cuff tear develops |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| looks backwards to consider exposure to risk factors for outcomes (pathologies); disadv: confoundations and bias are common; adv: more efficient b/c uses the data already in medical records |
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Term
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Definition
| autoimmune-disease of the synovial joints; tissues are attacked by immune system; occurs at any age, more common in women; key: affects joints bilaterally |
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Term
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Definition
| origin: trunk, insertion: shoulder blade, function: lifting and inward rotation (bottom of scapula rotates medially) |
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Term
| role of water and proteoglycans |
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Definition
| provide lubrication and spacing for gliding in ligaments and tendons |
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Term
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Definition
| SITS; consists of supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor, subscapularis; guid shoulder and lend to stability of joint |
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Term
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Definition
| usually involves tendons, reptitive use injury or traumatic injury |
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Term
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Definition
| slices into left and right parts; mid-saggital makes halves |
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Term
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Definition
| triangle shaped, spin projects backward |
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Term
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Definition
| use of college age subjects may bias the results because the subjects young and healthy |
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Term
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Definition
| origin: hip, insertion: tibia (posterior), function: flexion and medial rotation of knee |
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Term
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Definition
| origin: hip, insertion: tibia (anterior), function: flexion and medial rotation of knee |
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Term
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Definition
| scapula, clavicle, humerus, |
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Term
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Definition
| glenohumeral, acromioclavicular, sternoclavicular, scapulathoracic |
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Term
| shoulder muscles (scapula to humerus) |
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Definition
| supraspinatus, teres major, infraspinatus, teres minor, subscapularis |
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Term
| shoulder muscles (trunk to scapula) |
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Definition
| levator scapulae, rhomoid, trapezius, pectroalis major, deltoid, latissmus dorsi |
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Term
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Definition
| experimenter (or observer) is aware of who or what belongs to the control group and the experimental group; treatment group is unaware if they have received treatment or not |
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Term
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Definition
| the ratio of the distances between corresponding pairs of contact points; slip ratio = 1 = pure rolling |
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Term
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Definition
| sharp projecting part of bone |
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Term
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Definition
| supporing leg is flexed, stride leg moves toward home, eyes level and head moves to plate, keep trunk back, stride foot placed in front of support foot with slight inward rotation, length is about 75% of height |
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Term
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Definition
| origin: shoulder blade, insertion: humerus, function: shoulder adduction, shoulder medial rotation |
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Term
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Definition
| pertaining to or situated near the surface |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| the act of assuming the supine position, or the state of being supine |
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Term
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Definition
| turn hand up (to hold a bowl of soup) |
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Term
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Definition
| lying with the face upward, or on the dorsal surface |
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Term
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Definition
| larges bursa, located between the femur and the quadriceps |
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Term
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Definition
| origin: shoulder blade, insertion: humerus, function: shoulder abduction |
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Term
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Definition
| permits little or no mobility, most are fibrous joints |
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Term
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Definition
| contains albumin = very slippery |
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Term
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Definition
| a freely movable joint; fibrous outer membrane gives strength; bone ends are covered with articular cartilage |
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Term
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Definition
| lined with cells which produces synovial fluid |
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Term
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Definition
| tendon cells, located in tendons, differentiated from fibroblasts |
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Term
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Definition
| origin: shoulder blade, insertion: humerus, function: shoulder adduction, shoulder medial rotation |
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Term
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Definition
| origin: shoulder blade, insertion: humerus, function: shoulder adduction, shoulder lateral rotation (round lesser tuberosity) |
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Term
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Definition
| shinbone; the inner and usually larger of the two bones of the leg between the knee and ankle that articulates above with the femur and below with the talus |
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Term
| transverse (horizontal) plane |
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Definition
| slices into top and bottom parts |
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Term
| transverse (lateral) axis |
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Definition
| perpendicular to a saggital plane |
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Term
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Definition
| origin: trunk, insertion: shoulder blade, function: bottom of scapula rotates laterally |
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Term
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Definition
| to the rotator cuff are seen after events such as falling on to an outstretched hand |
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Term
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Definition
| origin: scapula and humerus, insertion: olecranon process, function: elbow extension |
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Term
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Definition
| a broad, flat process on the femur, at the upper end of its lateral surface (greater t.), or a short conical process on the posterior border of the base of its neck (lesser t.) |
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Term
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Definition
| articular surface of humerus in elbow joint |
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Term
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Definition
| a rounded prominence ; especially : a large prominence on a bone usually serving for the attachment of muscles or ligaments |
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Term
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Definition
| 7--80% of dry weight of ligament, also found in skin and bone, half life of 300-500 days --> not good at healing |
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Term
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Definition
| origin: hip or femur, insertion: patella, function: extension of knee |
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Term
|
Definition
| origin: hip or femur, insertion: patella, function: extension of knee |
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Term
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Definition
| origin: hip or femur, insertion: patella, function: extension of knee |
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Term
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Definition
| step back with stride foot, weight temp on stride foot, support foot placed laterally, shift weight to support, body rotates 90 deg and stride leg elevates (flexed) |
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