Term
| Characteristic of early radio |
|
Definition
- Lots of broadcasters on same frequencies resulted in lots of interference
-Response was to crank wattage and dominate frequency |
|
|
Term
| Top radio format across ages |
|
Definition
- Country
- News/Talk is #1 in PPM markets (metro area) #2 in all other markets |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1. Morning drive (6-10am)
2. Afternoon drive (3-7pm)
3. Mid day (10am-3pm)
4. Evenings (7pm to midnight)
5. Overnight (midnight - 6am) |
|
|
Term
| Selecting a Format (steps) |
|
Definition
1. Identify technical features (terrain, position on dial as compared to others)
2. What are characteristics of local market (competition for ad, avenues for ad)
3. What is your target audience?
4. What's your available budget?
5. Whats the potential revenue? cost benefit analysis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| - as top seattle news image |
|
|
Term
| Dennis Kelly key to success |
|
Definition
- Must be persistent
-Networking skills
-Actively engaged
-1 page resume |
|
|
Term
| Dennis Kelly- Principles as manager |
|
Definition
- "If you can't measure it, you can't manage it"
- "Follow your passion: No matter where we are, we are fortunate and some people aren't. Tell their story" |
|
|
Term
| Keith Shipman: Biggest interference as journalist |
|
Definition
| Love (for either a person or place) |
|
|
Term
| Keith Shipman-- success as journalist |
|
Definition
- Have ratings
- Work harder than competition that is more talented
- Play well in the sandbox |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Equal Opportunity Employment
- Issue in news room
- Lawyer fees= cost of 1 part time employee |
|
|
Term
| Keith Shipman-- Problems with Arbitron rating |
|
Definition
- Focus on shareholders more than radio stations
- Sell data to third party before station
- PPMs collect ratings when people travel outside market |
|
|
Term
| Keith Shipman- Fastest way to make money |
|
Definition
Sales
-Cut throat business
-must out work competitors |
|
|
Term
| Keith Shipman-- playing good in sandbox |
|
Definition
-attitude determines altitude
-Good team has chemistry
- |
|
|
Term
| Keith Shipman Sales steps |
|
Definition
1. Walk into store. Determine client demographic, product.
2. Vist RAB.com to research market
3. Determine who the technical buyer is (who will sponsor ads), who the economic buyer is (who signs checks)
4. Create customer marketing profile (needs analysis)
5. Profit-margin analysis (is there a co-op?)
6. Create Campaign
7. Ask price and negotiate
8. Service order (KEY) before competitors come in |
|
|
Term
| Keith Shipman on Hiring potential employees |
|
Definition
-veromi.net: aggregates all social media sites
- Calls past employers who aren't on resume... asks about the weather. Legally they can't share more than whether or not employee worked and for how long. Can discuss "weather" |
|
|
Term
| Three sources of television programming |
|
Definition
| networks, syndication, local |
|
|
Term
| Network/affiliate price agreement (modern day) |
|
Definition
- Network pays affiliate for programming ( called compensation )
- Station pays network
- Broadcaster submits affidavits to prove program was aired. (FCC rule against clipping--- cutting credits at end of show) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-Early fringe 4-6pm
-Early Evening 6-7pm
-Prime Access 7-8pm
-Network primetime 8-11pm***
-Late fringe 11-11:30
- Late night 11:30-2am
-Overnight 2am-6am |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Television programming strategy. Most popular shows get biggest audience at 8pm. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| TV programming strategy. Response to possible audience sage in the middle. Play new show between two stronger shows |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| TV programming strategy. New program played within set of similar programs. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| TV programming strategy. Offer different shows than competitors to pull certain viewers away. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| TV programming strategy. Use big celebrity names/appearances. Ex: dancing with the stars |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-Off-network shows. (could be past seasons, cable shows. ex friends, CSI)
-First run: Katie, Oprah, Ellen |
|
|
Term
| Strategies for Non primetime programming |
|
Definition
1. Head to head: appeals to audience at same time as competitors (ex judge shows at 4pm)
2. Counter : target different audience than competitors
3. Strip programming: same show every day same time
4. Checkerboard: play something different everyday. Can appeal
5. Blocking: back to back shows of similar nature. Can capture different demographics (ex news am, pbs, drama, childrens, news, sports, family) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-Cash deals: straight money to syndicator
-Barter then cash: barter spots within show. Reduces cost of show, less local ads
- Full barter: give up all spots except for maybe 2-2.5 mins. Make less money. Necessary in bad economy. Popular today)
-Infomercials: popular for spots that are undesirable or can't be sold. Sell time as infomericals. Make money rather than spending money. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1. News (cheap)
2. Local sports-- high school game of the week
3. Special events (lilac festival)
4. Feature shows (evening magazine) |
|
|
Term
| Name two of the top 4 multichannel (cable) providers |
|
Definition
1. Comcast Cable
2. DirecTV
3. Dish Network
4. Time Warner |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1. Most profit comes from ad revenue
2. Multi-pay homes-- upgrading to different tiers by selling additional packages
3. Pay Per View |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Percentage of home cable station reaches. What used to be 70%'s are now 40%'s b.c. of Dish and Direct. |
|
|
Term
| Swanson (Historical change in managment) |
|
Definition
| 1920's-KFAE (1st NWPR station in Pullman) Management came from engineers 1940's- Management came from Programming team Present day- Management comes from sales team |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-Head of WSU communication
-Contracted by President Johnson to start Public radio |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Corporation for Public Broadcasting.
-1967 under President Johnson as nonprofit entity to promote non- commercial broadcasting
- Today 15% of budget comes from Federal funds |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-18 stations and 14 transmitters across washington state
-Some stations with LMA
- 150,000 listeners
-1/2 budget comes from private listeners
-Downfall: local news can't be covered b/c of regional format. Future will have zoning |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Local Management Agreement: Manage and program a station that is owned by third party.
-NWPR has a few stations with LMA's
-less risky on managment |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-27 million listeners
-764 stations nationwide |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
PBS: Programming developed by individual stations
- Audience size determines share paid to run a show
-Aim to provide news at local level is growing. Still difficult with state networks |
|
|
Term
| Public Broadcasting Owners |
|
Definition
-2/3 public tv and radio is owned by colleges and universities
-1/3 owned by community organizations and nonprofits |
|
|
Term
| Public broadcasting revenue |
|
Definition
-Listener support and general appropriation (majority)
-Enhanced underwriting (15-30 second message from sponsors. Can't have urgency, sales promotion or price. Occurs 4x during hour)
-Staff sells underwriting/sponsorship packages
-Zoned underwriting: allows local spots in regional programming |
|
|
Term
| Funding for Public broadcasting |
|
Definition
-Bottom up
-member stations provide large amount of funding by purchasing material
-Government taxes: $1.35/person in US annually for PBS. .25 for radio (much less expensive than other countries) |
|
|
Term
| NPR audience demographics |
|
Definition
-late 40's to early 50's
-median household income 90-100k
-audience leaning left (liberal) |
|
|
