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| convection currents (waves caused by the transfer of thermal energy [heat]through the movement of particles in fluids) that happen in the mantle because of uneven heat distribution within Earth. |
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| a push starting from the mid-ocean ridge that serves as a mechanism for motion of the tectonic plate. In other words a push at the mid-ocean ridge starts a tectonic plate moving |
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| the pull that happens when the oceanic part of a tectonic plate goes under another plate into the area of the mantle. It then pulls the rest of the plate with it. |
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| the place, beneath which there is a crack in the lithosphere. The volcano is the place where the magma and gases that come through this crack, reach the surface |
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Definition
| small areas of very hot mantle. The heat is thought to come from a concentration of radioactive materials near Earth's core. The heat causes very hot columns of rising mantle. This causes the lithosphere to thin out, crack and bulge up. |
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Definition
| a chain of inland volcanoes created on an overriding continent parallel to a convergent boundary |
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Volcanic Island Arc [image] |
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Definition
| a line of volcanic islands, created on an overriding oceanic plate that is parallel to an oceanic-oceanic boundary |
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Definition
| Vibrations through Earth's crust caused by volcanoes and movement along tectonic plate boundaries |
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| a displacement (moving from where it was) of the lithosphere created by the movement of tectonic plates. The movement can be vertically (Up and down), horizonatally (sideways) or both |
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| The place where the earthquake starts in the lithosphere |
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| The place on the Earth's surface, directly above the earthquakes focus |
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Shallow Focus 0-70 km down [image] |
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Definition
| The earthquake starts from 0 - 70 km below the surface. It is in the crust |
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Intermediate Focus 70 - 300 km down [image] |
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Definition
| The Earthquake starts between 70 and 300 km below the surface. It is in the subduction zone |
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Deep-focus 300 - 700 km down [image] |
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Definition
| the earthquake happens between 300 and 700 km below the surface. It is in the mantle |
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| Mechanical waves or vibrations in the Earth usually caused by earthquakes |
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Definition
| a type of seismic wave that travels through Earth, including primary and secondary waves |
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Primary Waves or Compression Waves [image] |
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Definition
| The particles vibrate forward and backward along the path of the wave. They can travel through solids, liquids or gases and pass through all layers of the Earth. Also called P -waves. They start at the earthquakes focus |
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Secondary Waves or Shear Waves [image] |
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Definition
| the particles vibrate perpendicular (at 90 degrees) to the direction of the wave. They travel more slowly than P-waves and can only travel through solid rock. They are also called S - waves. They start at the earthquake's focus |
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Term
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Definition
| They travel around the outside of Earth, causing the most destruction. They are created when body waves reach the surface. They travel the slowest and only go a few hundred kilometres. |
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