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BCS
HEENT - PE
91
Medical
Graduate
10/21/2012

Additional Medical Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Components of the HEENT PE
Definition

1. Head

2. Eyes

3. Ears

4. Nose

5. Mouth/Throat/Neck

Term
Indentify the components of the structure in the HEENT PE: External eye
Definition
eyebrow, eyelid, lacrimal apparatus, conjunctivae, sclera, cornea (anterior chamber), lens, pupils. Funduscopic: retina, optic disc, macula densa, blood vessels
Term
Indentify the components of the structure in the HEENT PE: External ear
Definition
anterior/posterior auricle, pre/post aurilcular areas, pinna, tragus, external canal
Term
Indentify the components of the structure in the HEENT PE: Middle ear
Definition
TM
Term
Indentify the components of the structure in the HEENT PE: Frontal/maxillary sinuses
Definition
forehead above and between the eyes, below the eyes
Term
Indentify the components of the structure in the HEENT PE: Mouth and Pharynx
Definition
lips, buccal mucosa, teeth, gingiva, tongue, palate, tonsils, pharynx, uvula
Term
Indentify the components of the structure in the HEENT PE: Nodes of head and neck
Definition
pre/post auricular, occipital, tonsillar, submandibular, submental, anterior/posterior cervical, supraclavicular
Term
Indentify the components of the structure in the HEENT PE: Lymphatic drainage of head and neck
Definition
tonsillar, submandibular, submental nodes
Term
Define Ptosis
Definition
drooping of the upper eyelid from paralysis
Term
Define Ectropion
Definition
eversion of the edge of the eyelid (usually lower lid)
Term
Define Entropion
Definition
inversion of the edge of an eyelid (usually lower lid)
Term
Define pinguecula
Definition
yellow triangular thickening of the bulbar conjunctiva on the inner and outer margins of the cornea
Term
Define hordeolum
Definition
an acutely infected bump on the eyelid
Term
Define episcleritis
Definition
inflammation of the subconjunctival layers of the sclera
Term
Define mydriasis
Definition
abnormal dilation of the pupil
Term
Define strabismus
Definition
optic axes can't be directed to the same object
Term
Define xanthelasma
Definition
a yellow lipid righ plaque present on the skin, usually on the eyelids
Term
Define chalazion
Definition
a benign granulomatous lesion similar to a sebaceous cyst
Term
Define miosis
Definition
abnormal contraction of the pupil possibly due to irritation of the oculomotor system or paralysis of dilators
Term
Define aniscoria
Definition
inequality of the size of the pupils
Term
Define Argyll Robertson pupils
Definition
light reflex is absent - common in paralysis and syphilis
Term
Define Marcus Gunn pupils
Definition
congential condition in which drooping eyelid retracts briefly when mouth is opened - Person appears to wink each time the jaw is opened
Term
Define oculomotor nerve paralysis
Definition
dilated pupil is fixed to light and near effort. Ptosis of the upper eyelid and lateral deviation is almost always present
Term
Define dacryocystitis
Definition
inflammation of the lacrimal sac
Term
Define exopthalmos
Definition
Abnormal anterior protrusion of the eyeball.
Term

Describe the following eye test:

Direct and consensual response

Definition
pupilary response to light
Term

Describe the following eye test:

Near reaction

Definition
pupillary constriction associated with a near vision effort (accomadation and convergence)
Term

Describe the following eye test:

Tests for weakness or imbalance of the extraocular muscles

Definition
H patter and star pattern asseses cranial nerves 3,4, and 6 function
Term

Describe the following eye test: 

Nystagmus

Definition
a fine rhythmic oscillation of the eyes. A few beats of nystagmus on extreme lateral gaze are normal
Term

Describe the following eye test: 

Lid lag

Definition
as the eyes move from up to down
Term

Pathological significance of:

Yellow sclera (icterus)

Definition
Indicates jaundice
Term

Pathological significance of:

Pale palpebral conjunctiva

Definition
May indicate anemia
Term

Differentiate the following clinical conditions related to the cornea:

corneal arcus

Definition
aka arcus senilis - an eye condition characterized by the formation of a ring around the edge of the cornea - BILATERALLY
Term
Differentiate the following clinical conditions related to the cornea: Corneal scar
Definition
an injury of the cornea that causes opacity and visual impairement. Effects range from blurring to blindness
Term
Differentiate the following clinical conditions related to the cornea: Pterygium
Definition
triangular thickening of the bulbar conjunctivae extending from the inner canthus to the border of the cornea with the apex towards the pupil
Term
Differentiate the following clinical conditions related to the cornea: Cataracts
Definition
an opacity of the lens of the eye usually occurring as a result of aging, trauma, endocrine or metabolic diseases.
Term

Common clinical presentations of red eye regarding:

Conjunctivitis

Definition
Pt has itching, tearing, burning, pain, and a mucopurulent discharge, along with a foreign body sensation in the eye. Highly contagious
Term

Common clinical presentations of red eye regarding:

Corneal injury

Definition
complains of eye pain and an inability to open the eye because f foreign body sensation.
Term

Common clinical presentations of red eye regarding:

Glaucoma

Definition

acute = ciliary injection accompanied by severe aching deep pain w/ decreased vision

chronic = increased cupping in the eye

Term

Common clinical presentations of red eye regarding:

Iritis

Definition
Ciliary injection with moderate, deep, aching pain. Decreased vision, small and irregular pupil, clear or slightly clouded pupil
Term
Common clinical presentations of red eye regarding: Subconjunctival hemorrhage
Definition
Leakage of blood outside of the vesseld, producing a red spot that fades over days to yellow and then disappears. NO PAIN and pupil not affected.
Term
What does visual acuity test evaluate?
Definition
evaluates eyesight
Term
What does EOMs evaluate?
Definition
Evaluates CNs 3, 4, and 6
Term
What does confrontation of visual fields evaluate?
Definition
peripheral vision
Term
Identify 2 clinical conditions associated with exopthalmos.
Definition
Grave's disease, leukemia, aneurysm
Term
Describe normal parts/findings of funduscopic exam.
Definition
Red reflex. Optic disc. Physiologic cup. Arterioles. Veins. Macula. Fovea.
Term

Explain the clinical significance of the following:

Blurring of the disc outline on the nasal side

Definition
Normal finding
Term

Explain the clinical significance of the following:

Rings and crescents

Definition
Developmental variations
Term

Explain the clinical significance of the following:

Normal vs. enlarged size of central physiologic cup

Definition
Enlargement may indicate glaucoma
Term

Explain the clinical significance of the following:

Difference between arterioles and veins in the eye

Definition
Arteriol walls are transparent normally. A vein crossing underneath the artery can be seen right up to the column of blood on either side.
Term

Explain the clinical significance of the following:

absent red reflex

Definition
Suggests an opacity of the lens (cataracts). Less comonly, a detached retina, or in children a retinoblastoma
Term

Explain the clinical significance of the following:

AV nicking

Definition
Common in hypertensive retinopathy
Term
Describe normal appearance and variations of the optic disc.
Definition

Color: yellowish orange to creamy pink

Disc vessles: tiny with sharp margins

Term
Identify the findings of papilledema.
Definition
Papilledema - engorgement and swelling
Term
Identify the findings of glaucomatous cupping.
Definition
Increased pressure leads to increased cupping and atrophy. The base of the enlarged cup is pale.
Term

Which disease is associated with:

Superficial retinal hemorrhages

Definition
Hypertension
Term

Which clinical findings are associated with:

Deep retinal hemorrhages

Definition
Diabetes
Term

Which clinical findings are associated with:

Preretinal hemorrhage

Definition
Intracranial pressure
Term

Which clinical findings are associated with:

Microaneurysms

Definition
Diabetes
Term

Which clinical findings are associated with:

Neovascularization

Definition
Diabetes
Term

What is the cause of:

Cotton wool patches

Definition
Hypertensive retinopathy
Term

What is the cause of:

Hard exudates

Definition
Diabetic and Hypertensive retinopathy
Term

What is the cause of:

Drusen

Definition
Macular Degeneration
Term
What retinal changes occur with ageing?
Definition

Decline in visual function

Decreased visual acuity

Decreased constrast sensitivity

Decreased photoreceptors

Decreased ganglion cells and optic nerve axons

Term

Describe the PE dindings associated with:

Normal ear drum

Definition
pinkish gray or pearly pray
Term

Describe the PE dindings associated with:

Tympanosclerosis
Definition
large chalky white patch with irregular margins
Term

Describe the PE dindings associated with:

Perforation of the eardrum
Definition
holes in the TM
Term

Describe the PE findings associated with:

Serous effusion
Definition
Amber fluid behind the TM. Air bubbles visible. 
Term

Describe the PE findings associated with:

Acute Otitis media
Definition
TM is red, loses its landmarks, and bulges laterally
Term

Describe the PE findings associated with:

Bullous myringitis
Definition
TM is redenned and landmarks are not visible. Hemorrhagic vesicles are characteristic
Term

PE findiings in:

Otitis media

Definition
red inflammed TM
Term

PE findings in:

Otitis externa
Definition
Red inflammed ear canal
Term

PE findings in:

Serous effusion
Definition
Amber fluid behind TM
Term

PE findings in:

Eustachian tube dysfunction
Definition
Retracted TM, effusion, decreased TM mobility
Term

PE findings with:

Squamous cell carcinoma of the ear
Definition
sharply defines, red, scaling plaques - may ulcerate
Term

PE findings with:

Basal cell carcinoma of the ear
Definition
raised nodule with lustrous surface and telangietic vessels
Term
PE findings of conductive hearing loss
Definition

Weber: sound lateralizes to BAD ear

Rinne: BC greater than or equal to AC

Term
PE findings of sensorineural hearing loss
Definition

Weber: sounds lateralizes to GOOD ear

Rinne: AC greater than or equal to BC

Term
Findings associated with pharyngitis
Definition
Group A strep, mono
Term
Findings associated with exudative tonsillitis
Definition
strep A, mono
Term
Findings associated with Candidiasis
Definition
recent antibiotic use or HIV
Term
Findings associated with Kaposi's sarcoma
Definition
AIDS
Term
Findings associated with Fordyce spots
Definition
Normal sebaceous glands that can appear on buccal mucosa or lips
Term
Findings associated with Leukoplakia
Definition
Secondary to frequent tobacco chewing
Term
Findings associated with Herpes simplex
Definition
recurrent and painful vesicular eruption of the lips and surrounding skin
Term
Findings associated with Cheilitis
Definition
scaly somewhat thickened and slightly everted lips - primarily in the lower lip and sides
Term

6 characteristics in describing lymph nodes are:

 

Definition

1. Size

2. Shape

3. Delimitation (discrete or matted together)

4. Mobility

5. Consistency

6. Tenderness

Term
What does a tender node suggest?
Definition
Inflammation
Term
What does a hard or fixed node suggest?
Definition
Malignancy
Term
Define goiter
Definition
enlarged thyroid gland
Term
What does a multinodular thyroid suggest?
Definition
An enlarged thyroid gland with two or more nodules suggests a metabolic rather than neoplastic process. 
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